3. Biochemist Erwin Chargaff discovered that, in DNA from all species, the number of adenine nucleotides...
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3. Biochemist Erwin Chargaff discovered that, in DNA from all species, the number of adenine nucleotides matched that of thymines, and the number of cytosines matched that of guanines. Explain this observation based on the DNA structure shown in Figure C.1. 4. The interactions you noted in #3 are referred to as complementary base-pairing. Do these interactions occur between nucleotides of the same category (purines and pyrimidines) or different categories? 5. Watson and Crick arrived at the structure of DNA put forth in their 1953 Nature paper by building physical models that fit the existing data. From X-ray diffraction data acquired by Rosalind Franklin, they knew the spacing of the phosphate-sugar backbone did not vary along the length of the molecule. By experimenting with the cut-out purine and pyrimidine templates Watson and Crick justified the nucleotide pairing you identified in #4. Why would another type of pairing not work, given the regular spacing of the two strands? 6. Energy is required to separate the two strands of the DNA double helix. In vitro, this can be provided in the form of heat. An all G-C double helix would have a higher melting temperature than an all A-T double helix (i.e. would require a higher temperature to separate the two strands). Why? (Hint: look closely at the base pairing shown in Figure C.1.) 7. Watson and Crick ended their 1953 paper with the following statement: "It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material." What did they mean by this? What would first have to happen o the two strands of a DNA molecule to allow such copying? 3. Biochemist Erwin Chargaff discovered that, in DNA from all species, the number of adenine nucleotides matched that of thymines, and the number of cytosines matched that of guanines. Explain this observation based on the DNA structure shown in Figure C.1. 4. The interactions you noted in #3 are referred to as complementary base-pairing. Do these interactions occur between nucleotides of the same category (purines and pyrimidines) or different categories? 5. Watson and Crick arrived at the structure of DNA put forth in their 1953 Nature paper by building physical models that fit the existing data. From X-ray diffraction data acquired by Rosalind Franklin, they knew the spacing of the phosphate-sugar backbone did not vary along the length of the molecule. By experimenting with the cut-out purine and pyrimidine templates Watson and Crick justified the nucleotide pairing you identified in #4. Why would another type of pairing not work, given the regular spacing of the two strands? 6. Energy is required to separate the two strands of the DNA double helix. In vitro, this can be provided in the form of heat. An all G-C double helix would have a higher melting temperature than an all A-T double helix (i.e. would require a higher temperature to separate the two strands). Why? (Hint: look closely at the base pairing shown in Figure C.1.) 7. Watson and Crick ended their 1953 paper with the following statement: "It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material." What did they mean by this? What would first have to happen o the two strands of a DNA molecule to allow such copying?
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