1. Explore the application of advanced numerical methods, such as the finite element method (FEM) and the distinct element method (DEM), in simulating the mechanical behavior of granular soils and rock masses subjected to dynamic loading, including seismic events and cyclic loading, and discuss their relevance in geotechnical earthquake engineering and liquefaction assessment.

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The finite element method FEM and the distinct element method DEM are two advanced numerical methods commonly employed in geotechnical earthquake engi... View the full answer