­1. Some nebulas are clouds of gas.

Some clouds of gas are objects invisible to the naked eye.

Therefore, some objects invisible to the naked eye are nebulas.

2. No individuals sensitive to the difference between right and wrong are people who measure talent and success in terms of wealth.

All corporate take-over experts are people who measure talent and success in terms of wealth.

Therefore, no corporate take-over experts are individuals sensitive to the difference between right and wrong.

3. No endangered species are creatures loved by the timber industry.

All spotted owls are endangered species.

Therefore, some spotted owls are not creatures loved by the timber industry.

­4. Some cases of affirmative action are not measures justified by past discrimination.

No cases of affirmative action are illegal practices.

Therefore, some illegal practices are not measures justified by past discrimination.

5. All transparent metals are good conductors of heat.

All transparent metals are good conductors of electricity.

Therefore, some good conductors of electricity are good conductors of heat.

6. All members of the National Rifle Association are people opposed to gun control. All members of the National Rifle Association are law-abiding citizens. Therefore, all law-abiding citizens are people opposed to gun control.

­7. No searches based on probable cause are violations of Fourth Amendment rights. Some warrantless searches are violations of Fourth Amendment rights. Therefore, some warrantless searches are not searches based on probable cause.

8. All war zones are places where abuse of discretion is rampant.

Some places where abuse of discretion is rampant are international borders.

Therefore, some international borders are war zones.

9. All inside traders are people subject to prosecution.

Some executives with privileged information are not people subject to prosecution.

Therefore, some executives with privileged information are inside traders.

­10. All successful flirts are masters at eye contact.

All masters at eye contact are people genuinely interested in others.

Therefore, some people genuinely interested in others are successful flirts. Use the five rules to determine whether the above standard-form syllogisms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid. For those that are invalid from either the Boolean or Aristotelian standpoint, name the fallacy or fallacies committed. Check your answer by constructing a Venn diagram for each.