1. To determine the percentage of adult Americans who have never read the U.S. Constitution, surveyors put this question to a random sample of 1,000 adults. Only 13 percent gave negative answers. Therefore, since the sampling error for such a sample is 3 percent, we may conclude that no more than 16 percent of American adults have not read the Constitution.
2. To determine the percentage of patients who follow the advice of their personal physician, researchers asked 200 randomly chosen physicians to put the question to their patients. Of the 2,400 patients surveyed, 98 percent replied that they did indeed follow their doctor's advice. We may therefore conclude that at least 96 percent of the patients across the nation follow the advice of their personal physician.
Criticize the above arguments in light of the material presented in this chapter.