A biologist claims that the pH levels of the soil in two geographic locations have equal standard deviations. Independent samples from each location are randomly selected, and the results are shown below. At α = 0.01, is there enough evidence to reject the biologist’s claim? Assume the pH levels are normally distributed.

a. Identify the claim and state H₀ and H_a.

b. Identify the level of significance α.

c. Identify the degrees of freedom for the numerator and the denominator.

d. Find the critical value F₀ and identify the rejection region.

e. Use technology to find the test statistic F.

f. Decide whether to reject the null hypothesis. Use a graph if necessary.

g. Interpret the decision in the context of the original claim.

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Location A Location B n=16 s 0.95 n=22 s = 0.78