A number of heat treatments have been devised to harden the surfaces of steel and other engineering metals. Consider the processes of
a. Flame hardening
b. Induction hardening
c. Carburizing
d. Nitriding
For each of these processes, provide information relating to
1. A basic description of how the process works
2. Typical materials on which the process is performed
3. Type of equipment required
4. Typical times, temperatures, and atmospheres required
5. Typical depth of hardening and reasonable limits
6. Hardness achievable
7. Subsequent treatments or processes that might be required
8. Information relating to distortion and/or stresses
9. Ability to use the process to harden selective areas