Question: A pentavalent impurity (called a donor) introduced in place of a tetravalent silicon atom in crystalline silicon acts like a hydrogen atom in free space,

A pentavalent impurity (called a donor) introduced in place of a tetravalent silicon atom in crystalline silicon acts like a hydrogen atom in free space, but with e2/ε playing the role of e2 and an effective mass m* playing the role of the electron mass m in the description of the ionization energy and radius of the ground state of the impurity atom, and also for the free electron. For silicon the dielectric constant ε = 11.7 and, approximately, m* = 0.3 m. If there are 1017 donors per cm3, estimate the concentration of conduction electrons at 100 K.

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