A siphon tube is useful for removing liquid from a tank. The siphon tube is first filled with liquid, and then one end is inserted into the tank. Liquid then drains out the other end, as the drawing illustrates.
(a) Using reasoning similar to that employed in obtaining Torricelli's theorem (see Example 15), derive an expression for the speed v of the fluid emerging from the tube. This expression should give v in terms of the vertical height y and the acceleration due to gravity g.
(b) At what value of the vertical distance y will the siphon stop working?
(c) Derive an expression for the absolute pressure at the highest point in the siphon (point A) in terms of the atmospheric pressure P0, the fluid density r, g, and the heights h and y.