A uniformly tapered plastic tube AB of circular cross section and length L is shown in the figure. The average diameters at the ends are

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A uniformly tapered plastic tube AB of circular cross section and length L is shown in the figure. The average diameters at the ends are dA and dB = 2dA. Assume E is constant. Find the elongation δ of the tube when it is subjected to loads P acting at the ends. Use the following numerial data: dA = 35 mm, L = 300 mm, E = 2.1 GPa, P = 25 kN. Consider two cases as follows:
(a) A hole of constant diameter dA is drilled from B toward A to form a hollow section of length x = L/2 (see figure part a).

(b) A hole of variable diameter d(x) is drilled from B toward A to form a hollow section of length x = L/2 and constant thickness t (see figure part b). (Assume that t = dA / 20.)

dA dy dA dox) f constant dB