A variety of packaging solutions exist for products that must be kept within a specific temperature range. A cold chain distribution is a temperature-controlled supply chain. An unbroken cold chain is an uninterrupted series of storage and distribution activities that maintain a given temperature range. Cold chains are particularly useful in the food and pharmaceutical industries. A common suggested temperature range for a cold chain distribution in pharmaceutical industries is between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius.

Gopal Vasudeva works in the packaging branch of Merck & Co. He is in charge of analyzing a new package that the company has developed. With repeated trials, Gopal has determined that the mean temperature that this package is able to maintain during its use is 5.68C with a standard deviation of 1.2°C. Assume that the temperature is normally distributed.

In a report, use the sample information to:

1. Calculate and interpret the probability that temperature goes (a) below 2°C and (b) above 8°C.

2. Calculate and interpret the 5th and the 95th percentiles of the temperature that the package maintains.