According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, the top 25 city newspapers in the United States ranked according to circulation are:

Rank Newspaper________

1 ..........New York Times (NY)

2 ..........Los Angeles Times (CA)

3 ..........New York Daily News (NY)

4 ..........New York Post (NY)

5 ..........Washington Post (DC)

6 ..........Chicago Tribune (IL)

7 ..........Houston Chronicle (TX)

8 ..........Phoenix Arizona Republic (AZ)

9 ..........Long Island Newsday (NY)

10 ...........San Francisco Chronicle (CA)

11 ...........Dallas Morning News (TX)

12 ...........Boston Globe (MA)

13 ...........Newark Star-Ledger (NJ)

14 ...........Philadelphia Inquirer (PA)

15 ...........Cleveland Plain Dealer (OH)

16 ...........Atlanta Journal-Constitution (GA)

17 ...........Minneapolis Star Tribune (MN)

18 ...........St. Petersburg Times (FL)

19 ...........Chicago Sun-Times (IL)

20 ...........Detroit Free Press (MI)

21 ...........Portland Oregonian (OR)

22 ...........San Diego Union-Tribune (CA)

23 ...........Sacramento Bee (CA)

24 ...........Indianapolis Star (IN)

25 ...........St. Louis Post Dispatch (MO)

Suppose a researcher wants to sample a portion of these newspapers and compare the sizes of the business sections of the Sunday papers. She randomly samples eight of these newspapers.

a. What is the probability that the sample contains exactly one newspaper located in New York state?

b. What is the probability that half of the newspapers are ranked in the top 10 by circulation?

c. What is the probability that none of the newspapers is located in California?

d. What is the probability that exactly three of the newspapers are located in states that begin with the letter M?