Actuation Consulting conducted a global survey of product teams with the goal of better understanding the dynamics of product team performance and uncovering the practices that make these teams successful. One of the survey findings was that 42% of organizations consider the project manager role vital to successful completion of product development activities (Source: The Study of Product Team Performance, 2014, bit.ly/1GHTT9M.) Suppose another study is conducted to check the validity of this result, with the goal of proving that the percentage is less than 42%.

a. State the null and research hypotheses.

b. A sample of 100 organizations is selected, and results indicate that 40 consider the project manager role vital to successful completion of product development activities. Use either the six-step critical value hypothesis testing approach or the fives-tep p-value approach to determine at the 0.05 level of significance whether there is evidence that the percentage is less than 42%.