An obstacle course was set up on a campus, and 10 volunteers were given a chance to complete it while they were being timed. They then sampled a new energy drink and were given the opportunity to run the course again. The €œbefore€ and €œafter€ times in seconds are shown below. Is there sufficient evidence at α = 0.05 to conclude that the students did better the second time? Discuss possible reasons for your results.

a. State the hypotheses and identify the claim.
b. Find the critical value(s).
c. Compute the test value.
d. Make the decision.
e. Summarize the results.

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Student Before After 23 456 78 67 72 80 70 78 82 69 75 68 70 76 65 75 78 65 68