An urban economist wonders if the distribution of U.S. residents in the United States is different today than it was in 2000. The table shows the distribution of residents in 2000 along with the observed counts of residents today based on a random sample of 1500 US residents.

(a) Does the sample evidence suggest the distribution of U.S. residents has changed since 2000? Use the α = 0.05 level of significance.
(b) Suppose the survey was instead conducted on 5000 U.S. residents with the results shown in the following table. Compare the proportion of U.S. residents in each region based on the sample of 1500 U.S. residents versus 5000 U.S. residents. What do you notice?
Region _________________Observed Counts Today
Northeast ....................................900
Midwest ....................................1089
South ........................................1846
West .........................................1165
(c) Does the sample evidence for the survey of 5000 U.S. residents suggest that the distribution of residents in the United States has changed since 2000?
(d) Discuss the role sample size can play in determining whether the statement in the null hypothesis is rejected.

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Observed Counts Today Distribution in 2000 Region Northeast 0.190 269 Midwest 327 0.229 South 554 0.356 West 0.225 350