As its name suggests, West Fraser Timber Co. Ltd. is a Canadian forest products company that produces lumber, wood chips, fibreboard, plywood, pulp, linerboard, kraft paper, and newsprint. Using West Fraser Timber's consolidated statements of earnings and comprehensive income, which appear in Exhibit 4-14, answer the questions below:
In Exhibit 4-14
Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Earnings
For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008
(In millions of Canadian dollars, except earnings per share)

a. Has West Fraser Timber presented a single-step or a multi-step income statement? What aspects of the statement influenced your answer?
b. Calculate West Fraser Timber's gross profit rate (gross margin divided by revenue) for 2009 and 2008. Did the company's gross margin, as a percentage of its revenue, increase or decrease?
c. Calculate the company's net profit rate (net earnings divided by revenue) for 2009 and 2008. Did the company's net profit, as a percentage of its revenue, increase or decrease?
d. West Fraser Timber has included other comprehensive income at the bottom of its statement of earnings. What is other comprehensive income? What item is included by West Fraser Timber under other comprehensive income?

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2009 2008 Sales 26118 $ 3,188.5 Costs and expenses Cost of products sold Freight and other distribution costs Export taxes 1,930.9 449.1 47.3 265.2 107.8 156.9 46.9 2.3633 534.4 54.3 281.2 108.5 Selling, general and administration Asset impairments (note 9) Restructuring charges (note 10) 3.004.1 3.341.7 Operating earnings (392.3) (153.2) Other Interest expense- net (note 12) Exchange gain (loss) on long-term debt Other income (expense) (note 13) (28.9) 50.1 (68.0) 36.9 Earnings before income taxes 220.4) Recovery of (provision for) income taxes (note 14) Current Future 57.7 (26.0) 18.8 64.5 83.3 S (137.1 31.7 Earnings S (340.8) Earnings per share (note 15) S (7.96 $ (3.20) Basic and diluted Comprehensive earnings Earnings Other comprehensive earnings S (340.8) (137.1) Foreign exchange translation gain loss) on investment in self-sustaining foreign operations (615) 94.9 Comprehensive earnings (402.3) (42.2)