Determine whether each of the following is an example of a discretionary fiscal policy action.
a. A recession occurs, and government-funded unemployment compensation is paid to laid-off workers.
b. Congress votes to fund a new jobs program designed to put unemployed workers to work.
c. The Federal Reserve decides to reduce the quantity of money in circulation in an effort to slow inflation.
d. Under powers authorized by an act of Congress, the president decides to authorize an emergency release of funds for spending programs intended to head off economic crises.