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engineering
mechanical engineering

Questions and Answers of Mechanical Engineering

Air in a tank is at 1 MPa and room temperature of 20C. It is used to fill an initially empty balloon to a pressure of 200 kPa, at which point the diameter is 2 m and the temperature is
A vacuum pump is used to evacuate a chamber where some specimens are dried at 50C. The pump rate of volume displacement is 0.5 m3/s with an inlet pressure of 0.1 kPa and temperature
An initially deflated and flat balloon is connected by a valve to a 12 m3 storage tank containing helium gas at 2 MPa and ambient temperature, 20C. The valve is opened and the balloon is
The helium balloon described in Problem 3.14 is released into the atmosphere and rises to an elevation of 5000 m, with a local ambient pressure of Po = 50 kPa and temperature of 20C.
A cylinder is fitted with a 10-cm-diameter piston that is restrained by a linear spring (force proportional to distance). The spring force constant is 80 kN/m and the piston initially rests on the
Air in a tire is initially at 10C, 190 kPa. After driving awhile, the temperature goes up to 10C. Find the new pressure. You must make one assumption on your own.
A substance is at 2 MPa, 17C in a 0.25-m3 rigid tank. Estimate the mass from the compressibility factor if the substance is a) air, b) butane or c) propane.
Argon is kept in a rigid 5 m3 tank at 30C, 3 MPa. Determine the mass using the compressibility factor. What is the error (%) if the ideal gas model is used?
A bottle with a volume of 0.1 m3 contains butane with a quality of 75% and a temperature of 300 K. Estimate the total butane mass in the bottle using the generalized compressibility chart.
A mass of 2 kg of acetylene is in a 0.045 m3 rigid container at a pressure of 4.3 MPa. Use the generalized charts to estimate the temperature. (This becomes trial and error).
Is it reasonable to assume that at the given states the substance behaves as an ideal gas?
Determine whether water at each of the following states is a compressed liquid, a superheated vapor, or a mixture of saturated liquid and vapor.
Determine whether refrigerant R-22 in each of the following states is a compressed liquid, a superheated vapor, or a mixture of saturated liquid and vapor.
Verify the accuracy of the ideal gas model when it is used to calculate specific volume for saturated water vapor. Do the calculation for 10 kPa and 1 MPa.
Determine the quality (if saturated) or temperature (if superheated) of the following substances at the given two states:
Calculate the following specific volumes
Give the phase and the specific volume.
Give the phase and the specific volume. Discuss. Discuss.
Find the phase, quality x if applicable and the missing property P or T.
Give the phase and the missing properties of P, T, v and x.
Give the phase and the missing properties of P, T, v and x. These may be a little more difficult if the appendix tables are used instead of the software.
What is the percent error in specific volume if the ideal gas model is used to represent the behavior of superheated ammonia at 40C, 500 kPa? What if the generalized compressibility chart,
What is the percent error in pressure if the ideal gas model is used to represent the behavior of superheated vapor R-22 at 50C, 0.03082 m3/kg What if the generalized compressibility chart,
Determine the mass of methane gas stored in a 2 m3 tank at 30C, 3 MPa. Estimate the percent error in the mass determination if the ideal gas model is used.
A water storage tank contains liquid and vapor in equilibrium at 110C. The distance from the bottom of the tank to the liquid level is 8 m. What is the absolute pressure at the bottom of the
A sealed rigid vessel has volume of 1 m3 and contains 2 kg of water at 100C. The vessel is now heated. If a safety pressure valve is installed, at what pressure should the valve be set to
A 500-L tank stores 100 kg of nitrogen gas at 150 K. To design the tank the pressure must be estimated and three different methods are suggested. Which is the most accurate and how different in
A 400-m3 storage tank is being constructed to hold LNG, liquefied natural gas, which may be assumed to be essentially pure methane. If the tank is to contain 90% liquid and 10% vapor, by volume, at
A storage tank holds methane at 120 K, with a quality of 25 %, and it warms up by 5C per hour due to a failure in the refrigeration system. How long time will it take before the methane
Saturated liquid water at 60C is put under pressure to decrease the volume by 1% keeping the temperature constant. To what pressure should it be compressed?
Saturated water vapor at 60C has its pressure decreased to increase the volume by 10% keeping the temperature constant. To what pressure should it be expanded?
A boiler feed pump delivers 0.05 m3/s of water at 240C, 20 MPa. What is the mass flow rate (kg/s)? What would be the percent error if the properties of saturated liquid at 240C were
A glass jar is filled with saturated water at 500 kPa, quality 25%, and a tight lid is put on. Now it is cooled to 10C. What is the mass fraction of solid at this temperature?
A cylinder/piston arrangement contains water at 105C, 85% quality with a volume of 1 L. The system is heated, causing the piston to rise and encounter a linear spring. At this point the
Saturated (liquid vapor) ammonia at 60C is contained in a rigid steel tank. It is used in an experiment, where it should pass through the critical point when the system is
For a certain experiment, R-22 vapor is contained in a sealed glass tube at 20C. It is desired to know the pressure at this condition, but there is no means of measuring it, since the tube is
A steel tank contains 6 kg of propane (liquid vapor) at 20C with a volume of 0.015 m3. The tank is now slowly heated. Will the liquid level inside eventually rise to the top
A cylinder containing ammonia is fitted with a piston restrained by an external force that is proportional to cylinder volume squared. Initial conditions are 10C, 90% quality and a volume of
A container with liquid nitrogen at 100 K has a cross sectional area of 0.5 m2. Due to heat transfer, some of the liquid evaporates and in one hour the liquid level drops 30 mm. The vapor leaving the
A pressure cooker (closed tank) contains water at 100C with the liquid volume being 1/10 of the vapor volume. It is heated until the pressure reaches 2.0 MPa. Find the final temperature. Has
Ammonia in a piston/cylinder arrangement is at 700 kPa, 80C. It is now cooled at constant pressure to saturated vapor (state 2) at which point the piston is locked with a pin. The cooling
A piston/cylinder arrangement is loaded with a linear spring and the outside atmosphere. It contains water at 5 MPa, 400C with the volume being 0.1 m3. If the piston is at the bottom, the
Water in a piston/cylinder is at 90C, 100 kPa, and the piston loading is such that pressure is proportional to volume, P CV. Heat is now added until the temperature reaches
A spring-loaded piston/cylinder contains water at 500C, 3 MPa. The setup is such that pressure is proportional to volume, P CV. It is now cooled until the water becomes
Refrigerant-12 in a piston/cylinder arrangement is initially at 50C, x 1. It is then expanded in a process so that P Cv1 to a pressure of 100 kPa. Find
A sealed rigid vessel of 2 m3 contains a saturated mixture of liquid and vapor R- 134a at 10C. If it is heated to 50C, the liquid phase disappears. Find the pressure at 50C
Two tanks are connected both containing water. Tank A is at 200 kPa, v 0.5 m3/kg, VA 1 m3 and tank B contains 3.5 kg at 0.5 MPa, 400C. The valve is now opened
A tank contains 2 kg of nitrogen at 100 K with a quality of 50%. Through a volume flow meter and valve, 0.5 kg is now removed while the temperature remains constant. Find the final state inside the
Consider two tanks, A and B, connected by a valve. Each has a volume of 200 L and tank A has R-12 at 25C, 10% liquid and 90% vapor by volume, while tank B is evacuated. The valve is now
A substance is at 300 lbf/in 2, 65 F in a rigid tank. Using only the critical properties can the phase of the mass be determined if the substance is nitrogen, water or propane?
A cylindrical gas tank 3 ft long, inside diameter of 8 in., is evacuated and then filled with carbon dioxide gas at 77 F. To what pressure should it be charged if there should be 2.6 lbm of carbon
A vacuum pump is used to evacuate a chamber where some specimens are dried at 120 F. The pump rate of volume displacement is 900 ft3/min with an inlet pressure of 1 mm Hg and temperature 120 F, how
A cylinder is fitted with a 4-in.-diameter piston that is restrained by a linear spring (force proportional to distance). The spring force constant is 400 lbf/in and the piston initially rests on the
A substance is at 70 F, 300 lbf/in 2 in a 10 ft3 tank. Estimate the mass from the compressibility chart if the substance is a) air, b) butane or c) propane.
Determine the mass of an ethane gas stored in a 25 ft3 tank at 250 F, 440 lbf/in 2 using the compressibility chart. Estimate the error (%) if the ideal gas model is used.
Argon is kept in a rigid 100 ft3 tank at F, 450 lbf/in 2. Determine the mass using the compressibility factor. What is the error (%) if the ideal gas model is used?
Determine whether water at each of the following states is a compressed liquid, a superheated vapor, or a mixture of saturated liquid and vapor. Discuss. Discuss.
Give the phase and the specific volume. Discuss in detail.
Give the phase and the specific volume. Discuss briefly.
Give the phase and the missing properties of P, T, v and x. These may be a little more difficult if the appendix tables are used instead of the software. Discuss. Discuss.
What is the percent error in specific volume if the ideal gas model is used to represent the behavior of superheated ammonia at 100 F, 80 lbf/in 2? What if the generalized compressibility chart, Fig
A water storage tank contains liquid and vapor in equilibrium at 220 F. The distance from the bottom of the tank to the liquid level is 25 ft. What is the absolute pressure at the bottom of the tank?
A sealed rigid vessel has volume of 35 ft3 and contains 2 lbm of water at 200 F. The vessel is now heated. If a safety pressure valve is installed, at what pressure should the valve be set to have a
Saturated liquid water at 200 F is put under pressure to decrease the volume by 1%, keeping the temperature constant. To what pressure should it be compressed?
Saturated water vapor at 200 F has its pressure decreased to increase the volume by 10%, keeping the temperature constant. To what pressure should it be expanded?
A boiler feed pump delivers 100 ft3/min of water at 400 F, 3000 lbf/in 2. What is the mass flow rate (lbm/s)? What would be the percent error if the properties of saturated liquid at 400 F were used
Saturated (liquid vapor) ammonia at 140 F is contained in a rigid steel tank. It is used in an experiment, where it should pass through the critical point when the system is heated.
A steel tank contains 14 lbm of propane (liquid vapor) at 70 F with a volume of 0.25 ft3. The tank is now slowly heated. Will the liquid level inside eventually rise to the top or
A pressure cooker (closed tank) contains water at 200 F with the liquid volume being 1/10 of the vapor volume. It is heated until the pressure reaches 300 lbf/in 2. Find the final temperature. Has
Two tanks are connected together both containing water. Tank A is at 30 lbf/in 2, v = 8 ft3/lbm, V = 40 ft3 and tank B contains 8 lbm at 80 lbf/in2, 750 F. The valve is now opened and the two come to
A spring-loaded piston/cylinder contains water at 900 F, 450 lbf/in 2. The setup is such that pressure is proportional to volume, P CV. It is now cooled until the water becomes
Refrigerant-22 in a piston/cylinder arrangement is initially at 120 F, x 1. It is then expanded in a process so that P Cv1 to a pressure of 30 lbf/in 2. Find
A piston of mass 2 kg is lowered 0.5 m in the standard gravitational field. Find the required force and work involved in the process.
An escalator raises a 100 kg bucket of sand 10 m in 1 minute. Determine the total amount of work done and the instantaneous rate of work during the process.
A linear spring, F ks(x xo), with spring constant ks 500 N/m, is stretched until it is 100 mm longer. Find the required force and work input.
A nonlinear spring has the force versus displacement relation of F kns(x xo)n. If the spring end is moved to x1 from the relaxed state, determine the formula for the
A cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston contains 5 kg of superheated refrigerant R-134a vapor at 1000 kPa, 140C. The setup is cooled at constant pressure until the R-134a reaches a
A piston/cylinder arrangement initially contains air at 150 kPa, 400C. The setup is allowed to cool to the ambient temperature of 20C. a. Is the piston resting on the stops in the
The refrigerant R-22 is contained in a piston/cylinder, where the volume is 11 L when the piston hits the stops, the initial state is 30C, 150 kPa with a volume of 10 L. This system
Consider a mass going through a polytropic process where pressure is directly proportional to volume (n = 1). The process start with P = 0, V = 0 and ends with P = 600 kPa, V = 0.01
A piston/cylinder contains 50 kg of water at 200 kPa with a volume of 0.1 m3. Stops in the cylinder restrict the enclosed volume to 0.5 m3, similar to the setup in Problem 4.7. The water is now
A piston/cylinder contains 1 kg of liquid water at 20C and 300 kPa. Initially the piston floats, similar to the setup in Problem 4.7, with a maximum enclosed volume of 0.002 m3 if the piston
A piston/cylinder contains butane, C4H10, at 300C, 100 kPa with a volume of 0.02 m3. The gas is now compressed slowly in an isothermal process to 300 kPa. a. Show that it is reasonable to
The piston/cylinder contains carbon dioxide at 300 kPa, 100C with a volume of 0.2 m3. Mass is added at such a rate that the gas compresses according to the relation PV1.2
Air in a spring loaded piston/cylinder has a pressure that is linear with volume, P = A + BV. With an initial state of P = 150 kPa, V = 1 L and a final state of 800 kPa and volume 1.5 L it is similar
A gas initially at 1 MPa, 500C is contained in a piston and cylinder arrangement with an initial volume of 0.1 m3. The gas is then slowly expanded according to the relation PV
Consider a two-part process with an expansion from 0.1 to 0.2 m3 at a constant pressure of 150 kPa followed by an expansion from 0.2 to 0.4 m3 with a linearly rising pressure from 150 kPa ending at
A cylinder fitted with a piston contains propane gas at 100 kPa, 300 K with a volume of 0.2 m3. The gas is now slowly compressed according to the relation PV1.1 constant to a final
The gas space above the water in a closed storage tank contains nitrogen at 25C, 100 kPa. Total tank volume is 4 m3, and there is 500 kg of water at 25C. Additional 500 kg water is
A steam radiator in a room at 25C has saturated water vapor at 110 kPa flowing through it, when the inlet and exit valves are closed. What is the pressure and the quality of the water, when
A balloon behaves such that the pressure inside is proportional to the diameter squared. It contains 2 kg of ammonia at 0C, 60% quality. The balloon and ammonia are now heated so that a final
Consider a piston cylinder with 0.5 kg of R-134a as saturated vapor at -10C. It is now compressed to a pressure of 500 kPa in a polytropic process with n = 1.5. Find the final volume and
A cylinder having an initial volume of 3 m3 contains 0.1 kg of water at 40C. The water is then compressed in an isothermal quasi-equilibrium process until it has a quality of 50%. Calculate
Consider the non-equilibrium process described in Problem 3.7. Determine the work done by the carbon dioxide in the cylinder during the process.
Two kilograms of water is contained in a piston/cylinder with a mass less piston loaded with a linear spring and the outside atmosphere. Initially the spring force is zero and P1 Po
A piston/cylinder contains 1 kg of water at 20C with a volume of 0.1 m3. Initially the piston rests on some stops with the top surface open to the atmosphere, Po and a mass so a water
Assume the same system as in the previous problem, but let the piston be locked with a pin. If the water is heated to saturated vapor find the final temperature, volume and the work, 1W2.
A piston cylinder setup similar to Problem 4.24 contains 0.1 kg saturated liquid and vapor water at 100 kPa with quality 25%. The mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 500 kPa will float it.
A 400-L tank, A contains argon gas at 250 kPa, 30C. Cylinder B, having a frictionless piston of such mass that a pressure of 150 kPa will float it, is initially empty. The valve is opened and
Air at 200 kPa, 30C is contained in a cylinder/piston arrangement with initial volume 0.1 m3. The inside pressure balances ambient pressure of 100 kPa plus an externally imposed force that is

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