Equation (6.47) is an approximate formula for the average probability of symbol error for coherent Mary P5K. This formula was derived using the union bound in light of the signal-space diagram of Figure b. Given that message point rn1 was transmitted, show that the approximate formula of Equation (6.47) may be derived directly from Figureb.

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02 Decision boundary -VE Decision boundary - VE | m7 (b)