For a 2 × 2 table, a, b, c, and d are the observed values for each cell, as shown.

The chi-square test value can be computed as
X2 = n (ad €“ bc)2 / (a + b) (a + c) (c + d) (b + d)
Where n = a + b + c + d. Compute the X2 test value by using the above formula and the formula ˆ‘ (O - E)2 / E, and compare the results for the following table.

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