In 2009 Noodles & Company introduced spaghetti and meatballs to their menu. Before putting it on the menu, they performed taste tests to determine the best-tasting spaghetti sauce. In a paired comparison, 70 tasters were asked to rate their satisfaction with two different sauces on a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the highest. The mean difference in ratings was d̄ = -0.385714 with a standard deviation of sd = 1.37570.

(a) State the hypotheses for a two-tailed test.

(b) Calculate the test statistic.

(c) Calculate the critical value for α = .05.

(d) Calculate the p-value.

(e) State your conclusion.