In 2010, President Barack Obama and Congress enacted a healthcare reform bill in the United States. Two goals of the bill were to provide more Americans with health insurance (via subsidies for lower-income households financed by taxes on higher-income households) and to reduce the cost of healthcare (via various reforms in how healthcare is provided).

a. How do these goals relate to equality and efficiency?

b. How might healthcare reform increase productivity in the United States?

c. How might healthcare reform decrease productivity in the United States?