In a study, on the effect of caffeine on myocardial blood flow, 10 subjects had their blood flow measured before and after consuming caffeine.21 For this setting the differences do not follow a normal distribution, so a t test would not be valid. Use a Wilcoxon signed-rank test to test the null hypothesis of no difference against the alternative that caffeine has an effect on myocardial blood flow. Let α = 0.01.

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