In a survey of 34,525 randomly selected adults, 18.1% of the sample smoke cigarettes.
a. If five participants of the study are randomly selected with replacement, find the probability that all five participants smoke cigarettes. Round your result to five decimal places.
b. If five participants of the study are randomly selected with replacement, find the probability that at least one of the participants smokes cigarettes. Round your result to five decimal places.
c. Of those contacted, 38.8% refused to participate in the survey. The participants’ smoking behaviors were self- reported. What type(s) of bias probably occurred?