In the Violence Against Women Act, Congress provided a federal civil remedy for victims of gendermotivated violence. A female student who had attended a Virginia university brought a claim under the Violence Against Women Act against two male students who allegedly had sexually assaulted her and caused her to experience severe emotional distress. The defendants challenged the Violence Against Women Act on constitutional grounds, arguing that the statute did not fall within the power granted to Congress by the U.S. Constitution's Commerce Clause. Were the defendants correct in this argument?