Kleppel et al. (2004) report on a study of wetlands in upstate NewYork. Four wetlands were selected for the study: Two of the wetlands drain watersheds from small towns and the other two drain suburban watersheds. Quantities such as pH were measured at two to four randomly selected sites within each of the four wetlands.

i. Describe why this is a cluster sample. What are the psus? The ssus? How would you estimate the average pH in the suburban wetlands?

ii. The authors used Student’s two-sample t test to compare the average pH from the sites in the suburban wetlands with the average pH from the sites in the small town wetlands, treating all sites as independent. Is this analysis appropriate? Provide reasons for why, or why not?