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Questions and Answers of
Statistics
Does the race of an individual affect whether he or she is likely to be self-employed?Can we conclude that differences in whether an individual works for him- or herself (WRKSLF:1 = Self-employed, 2
Does being unemployed for any period of time affect an individual’s political persuasion? Using the GSS 2008 data, determine whether there is enough evidence to infer that Americans who have been
In recent years, the proportion of eligible voters in the United States who actually vote for president has hovered around 50%. Turning out the vote is considered a critical function for most
The economy in 2004 was strong, with growth in the economy and unemployment low. By 2008, the U.S. economy was in recession. Can we conclude that employment status (EMPLOY) has changed between 2004
Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that Americans who consider themselves strong Democrat or Republicans (STRENGTH: 1 = Strong, 5 = Not very strong) have more education (EDUC) than
Every year, millions of people start new diets. There is a bewildering array of diets to choose from. The question for many people is, which ones work?Researchers at Tufts University in Boston made
The term regression was originally used in 1885 by Sir Francis Galton in his analysis of the relationship between the heights of children and parents. He formulated the “law of universal
Attempting to analyze the relationship between advertising and sales, the owner of a furniture store recorded the monthly advertising budget ($ thousands) and the sales ($ millions) for a sample of
To determine how the number of housing starts is affected by mortgage rates an economist recorded the average mortgage rate and the number of housing starts in a large county for the past 10 years.
Critics of television often refer to the detrimental effects that all the violence shown on television has on children. However, there may be another problem. It may be that watching television also
To help determine how many beers to stock the concession manager at Yankee Stadium wanted to know how the temperature affected beer sales. Accordingly, she took a sample of 10 games and recorded the
In television’s early years, most commercials were 60 seconds long. Now, however, commercials can be any length. The objective of commercials remains the same—to have as many viewers as possible
Florida condominiums are popular winter retreats for many North Americans. In recent years, the prices have steadily increased. A real estate agent wanted to know why prices of similar-sized
In 2010, the United States conducted a census of the entire country. The census is completed by mail. To help ensure that the questions are understood, a random sample of Americans take the
The human resource manager of a telemarketing firm is concerned about the rapid turnover of the firm’s telemarketers. It appears that many telemarketers do not work very long before quitting. There
Besides their known long-term effects, do cigarettes also cause short-term illnesses such as colds? To help answer this question, a sample of smokers was drawn. Each person was asked to report the
Fire damage in the United States amounts to billions of dollars, much of it insured. The time taken to arrive at the fire is critical. This raises the question, Should insurance companies lower
A real estate agent specializing in commercial real estate wanted a more precise method of judging the likely selling price (in $1,000s) of apartment buildings. As a first effort, she recorded the
Millions of boats are registered in the United States. As is the case with automobiles, there is an active used-boat market. Many of the boats purchased require bank financing, and, as a result, it
In an attempt to determine the factors that affect the amount of energy used, 200 households were analyzed. In each, the number of occupants and the amount of electricity used were measured.
An economist for the federal government is attempting to produce a better measure of poverty than is currently in use. To help acquire information, she recorded the annual household income
An economist wanted to investigate the relationship between office rents (the dependent variable) and vacancy rates. Accordingly, he took a random sample of monthly office rents and the percentage of
One general belief held by observers of the business world is that taller men earn more money than shorter men. In a University of Pittsburgh study, 250 MBA graduates, all about 30 years old, were
Although a large number of tasks in the computer industry are robotic, many operations require human workers. Some jobs require a great deal of dexterity to properly position components into place. A
You have been given the following data:a. Draw the scatter diagram. Does it appear that x and y are related? If so, how?b. Test to determine whether there is evidence of a linearrelationship.
Suppose that you have the following data:a. Draw the scatter diagram. Does it appear that x and y are related? If so, how?b. Test to determine whether there is evidence of a linearrelationship.
Refer to Exercise 16.2.a. Determine the standard error of estimate.b. is there evidence of a linear relationship between advertising and sales?c. estimate β1 with 95% confidence.d. Compute the
Calculate the coefficient of determination and conduct a test to determine whether a linear relationship exists between housing starts and mortgage interest in Exercise 16.3.
Is there evidence of a linear relationship between the number of hours of television viewing and how overweight the child is in Exercise 16.4?
Determine whether there is evidence of a negative linear relationship between temperature and the number of beers sold at Yankee Stadium in Exercise 16.5.
Refer to Exercise 16.6.a. what is the standard error of estimate? Interpret its value.b. Describe how well the memory test scores and length of television commercial are linearly related.c. are the
Refer to Exercise 16.7. Apply the three methods of assessing the model to determine how well the linear model fits.
Is there enough evidence to infer that age and the amount of time needed to complete the questionnaire are linearly related in Exercise 16.8?
Refer to Exercise 16.9. Use two statistics to measure the strength of the linear association. What do these statistics tell you?
Is there evidence of a linear relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and number of sick days in Exercise 16.10?
Refer to Exercise 16.11.a. Test to determine whether there is evidence of a linear relationship between distance to the nearest fire station and percentage of damage.b. Estimate the slope coefficient
Refer to Exercise 16.12.a. Determine the standard error of estimate, and describe what this statistic tells you about the regression line.b. Can we conclude that the size and price of the apartment
Is there enough evidence to infer that as the number of hours of engine use increases, the price decreases in Exercise 16.13?
Assess fit of the regression line in Exercise 16.14.
Refer to Exercise 16.15.a. Determine the coefficient of determination and describe what it tells you.b. Conduct a test to determine whether there is evidence of a linear relationship between
Can we infer that office rents and vacancy rates are linearly related in Exercise 16.16?
Are height and income in Exercise 16.17 positively linearly related?
Refer to Exercise 16.18.a. Compute the coefficient of determination and describe what it tells you.b. Can we infer that aptitude test scores and percentages of non-defectives are linearly related?
Repeat Exercise 16.13 using the t-test of the coefficient of correlation to determine whether there is a negative linear relationship between the number of hours of engine use and the selling price
Repeat Exercise 16.6 using the t-test of the coefficient of correlation. Is this result identical to the one you produced in Exercise 16.6?
Are food budget and household income in Exercise 16.15 linearly related? Employ the t-test of the coefficient of correlation to answer the question.
Refer to Exercise 16.10. Use the t-test of the coefficient of correlation to determine whether there is evidence of a positive linear relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and the number
Do more educated people spend more time watching or news on the Internet? Conduct a regression analysis to determine whether there is enough statistical evidence to conclude that the more education
In the Chapter 16 opening example, we analyzed the relationship between income and education using the 2012 General Social Survey of 2012. Conduct a similar analysis using the 2008 American National
National news on television features commercials describing pharmaceutical drugs that treat ailments that plague older people. Apparently, the major networks believe that older people tend to watch
In most presidential elections in the United States the voter turnout is quite low, often in the neighborhood of 50%. Political workers would like to be able to predict who is likely to vote. Thus,
Do more affluent people get their news from radio? Answer the question by conducting an analysis of the relationship between income (INCOME) and time listening to news on the radio (TIME4).
Does one’s income (INCOME) affect his or her position on the question, Should the government reduce income differences between rich and poor (EQWLTH: 1 = Government should reduce income
Conduct an analysis of the relationship between income (INCOME) and age (AGE). Estimate with 95% confidence the average increase in income for each additional year of age.
Does television appeal to the lowest common denominator? If so, we would expect more educated people to watch less television. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that more educated people
It seems rather obvious that the longer one works the more one earns. The question is how much more one earns annually for each additional hour of work. Conduct an analysis of annual income (INCOME)
Is there a linear relationship between age (AGE) and how many hours per week one works (HRS1)? Conduct a test to answer the question.
Television advertisers always want to know who is watching their televised advertising. Do older people watch more television than do younger people? Do the data provide sufficient evidence to infer
How does having more family members earning income (EARNRS) affect total family income (TFINCOME)? Conduct an analysis to determine whether there is a positive linear relationship between the two
Are more educated (EDUC) people more likely to support government action to reduce income differences across the country differences (EQWLTH: 1 = Government should reduce income differences; 2, 3, 4,
Do more educated people tend to marry individuals with similar educational experience? Test to determine whether a married person’s years of education (EDUC) are positively linearly related to his
An economic theory suggests that as people become richer they tend to have more children. Analyze the relationship between income (INCOME) and number of children (CHILDS) to test the theory.
If one spouse works longer hours does this mean that the other spouse works less hours? Test the relationship between HRS1 and SPHRS1 to answer the question.
Does staying in university longer mean that postpone having children? If so, we would expect a positive linear relationship between years of education (EDUC) and the age when one has his or her first
Refer to Exercise 16.61. We would expect that more educated people would have fewer children. Analyze the relationship between education (EDUC) and number of children
Does the amount of education that one completes influence the amount of education his son or daughter completes? Test the relationship between a person’s education (EDUC) and his or her father’s
Refer to Exercise 16.63. Is there sufficient evidence of a positive linear relationship between the years of education (EDUC) and the years of education of one’s mother
Are harder-working Americans more likely to urge to want government to reduce income differences? Test to determine whether there is sufficient evidence of a positive linear relationship between
Use the regression equation in Exercise 16.2 to predict with 90% confidence the sales when the advertising budget is $80,000.
Estimate with 90% confidence the mean monthly number of housing starts when the mortgage interest rate is 7% in Exercise 16.3.
Refer to Exercise 16.4.a. Predict with 90% confidence the number of pounds overweight for a child who watches 35 hours of television per week.b. Estimate with 90% confidence the mean number of pounds
Refer to Exercise 16.5. Predict with 90% confidence the number of beers to be sold when the temperature is 75 degrees.
Refer to Exercise 16.6.a. Predict with 95% confidence the memory test score of a viewer who watches a 30-second commercial.b. Estimate with 95% confidence the mean memory test score of people who
Refer to Exercise 16.7.a. Predict with 95% confidence the selling price of a 1,200 sq.ft. condominium on the 20th floor.b. Estimate with 99% confidence the average selling price of a 1,200
Refer to Exercise 16.8. Estimate with 90% confidence the mean amount of time for 40-year-old Americans to complete the census.
Refer to Exercise 16.9. The company has just hired a 22-year-old telemarketer. Predict with 95% confidence how long he will stay with the company.
Refer to Exercise 16.10. Predict with 95% confidence the number of sick days for individuals who smoke on average 40 cigarettes per day.
Refer to Exercise 16.11.a. Predict with 95% confidence the percentage loss due to fire for a house that is 8 miles away from the nearest fire station.b. Estimate with 95% confidence the average
Refer to Exercise 16.12. Estimate with 95% confidence the mean price of 60,000 sq.ft. apartment buildings.
Refer to Exercise 16.13. Predict with 99% confidence the price of a 1999 24-ft. Sea Ray cruiser with 400 hours of engine use.
Refer to Exercise 16.14. Estimate with 90% confidence the mean electricity consumption for house-holds with four occupants.
Refer to Exercise 16.15. Predict the food budget of a family whose household income is $60,000. Use a 90% confidence level.
Refer to Exercise 16.16. Predict with 95% confidence the monthly office rent in a city when the vacancy rate is 8%.
Refer to Exercise 16.17a. Estimate with 95% confidence the mean annual income of 6’2” (74 inches) tall men.b. Suppose that an individual is 5’8” (68 inches). Predict with 95% confidence his
Refer to Exercise 16.18. Estimate with 95% confidence the mean percentage of defectives for workers who score 80 on the dexterity test.
Refer to Exercise 16.45. Time spent watching or reading new on the Internet by a person with 15 year of education.
Refer to Exercise 16.46. Income of people who have 10 years of education.
Refer to Exercise 16.47. Number of days watching national news on television by 50-year-old people.
Refer to Exercise 16.51. Annual income of someone who is 45 years old.
Refer to Exercise 16.52. Number of hours of television watching per day for people with 12 years of education.
Refer to Exercise 16.53. Income of someone who works 40 hours per week.
Refer to Exercise 16.54. Number of hours of t work per week for some who is 60 years old.
Refer to Exercise 16.55. Number of hours of television per day of a 65-year-old.
Refer to Exercise 16.56. Total family income of a family with four earners.
Refer to Exercise 16.59. Income of someone with one child.
Refer to Exercise 16.62. Number of children of a person with 11 years of education.
Refer to Exercise 16.63. Number of years of education of a person whose father had 15 years of education.
Refer to Exercise 16.64. Number of years of education of a person whose mother had 20 years of education.
Refer to Exercise 16.65. Position on the issue of whether government should reduce income differences of someone who works 50 hours per week.
You are given the following six points:a. Determine the regression equation.b. Use the regression equation to determine the predicted values of y.c. Use the predicted and actual values of y to
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