On July 8, 2016, Cynthia and her daughter Constance agree to exchange land they held for investment. Both tracts are worth $18,000. Cynthia acquired her land 4 years earlier for $9,000. Constance paid $16,000 for her land the previous year.
a. What are the tax effects of the exchange for Cynthia and Constance?
b. On February 15, 2018, Constance sells the land acquired in the exchange for $21,000. What are the tax effects of the sale? Explain.