PetroChina reported the following information in a recent annual report.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents refer to all cash on hand and deposit held at call with banks, short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Notes Receivable. Notes receivable represents mainly bills of acceptance issued by banks for the sale of goods and products. All notes receivable of the Group are due within one year.
Instructions
a. What items other than coin and currency may be included in "cash"?
b. What items may be included in "cash equivalents"?
c. What are compensating balance arrangements, and how should they be reported in financial statements?
d. What are the possible differences between cash equivalents and short-term (temporary) investments?
e. Assume that PetroChina has an agreement to transfer receivables to various banks. If the sale agreement meets the criteria for sale accounting, cash proceeds were RMB345 million, the carrying value of the receivables sold was RMB360 million, and the fair value of the recourse obligation was RMB15 million, what was the effect on income from the sale of receivables?
f. Briefly discuss the impact of the transaction in (e) on PetroChina's liquidity.

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PetroChina Company Limited Consolidated Balance Sheets (in RMB millions) Assets at December 31, Current Year Prior Year Current assets Cash at bank and on hand 49,953 64,299 Notes receivable 9,981 12,688 Accounts receivable 64,450 53,822 Advances to suppliers 32,813 39,296 14,165 Other receivables 8,576 Inventories 214,117 182,253 Other current assets 32,561 24,486 385,420 Total current assets 418,040 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements