Recently I had a call from a friend who is a lawyer in Vermont. He was representing an African- American client who was challenging the fairness of a jury selection. His concern was that African-Americans were not proportionately represented in the pool from which jurors are selected. In Vermont, 0.43% of the adult population is African-American. The pool of 2,124 names from which juries are drawn contained only four African-Americans. It is straightforward to calculate that if the jury pool was fairly selected the probability that the pool would have four or fewer African-Americans is almost exactly .05. (You do not yet know how to make that calculation). My friend was asking me to explain “all of this hypothesistesting stuff that the expert witnesses are talking about.” Write a short answer to his question.