Refer to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test data on new cars, saved in the CRASH file. Crash test dummies were placed in the driver’s seat and front passenger’s seat of a new car model, and the car was steered by remote control into a head-on collision with a fixed barrier while traveling at 35 miles per hour. Two of the variables measured for each of the 98 new cars in the data set are (1) the severity of the driver’s chest injury and (2) the severity of the passenger’s chest injury.

Suppose the NHTSA wants to determine whether the true mean driver chest injury rating exceeds the true mean passenger chest injury rating and, if so, by how much.

a. State the parameter of interest to the NHTSA.

b. Explain why the data should be analyzed as matched pairs.

c. Find a 99% confidence interval for the true difference between the mean chest injury ratings of drivers and front-seat passengers.

d. Interpret the interval you found in part c. Does the true mean driver chest injury rating exceed the true mean passenger chest injury rating? If so, by how much?

e. What conditions are required for the analysis to be valid? Do these conditions hold for these data?