Repeat Prob. 8–14 with the addition of one 1/2 N American Standard plain washer under the head of the bolt, and another identical washer under the nut.
Repeat Prob. 8–14, A 2-in steel plate and a 1-in cast-iron plate are compressed with one bolt and nut. The bolt is 1/2 in-13 UNC.
(a) Determine a suitable length for the bolt, rounded up to the nearest ¼ in.
(b) Determine the bolt stiffness.
(c) Determine the stiffness of the members.