Security experts are raising concerns about hackers targeting smartphones, as owners store more personal and financial information on the devices. In 2012, it was estimated that 7% of smartphone users were victims of malicious attacks on their mobile devices. A random sample of 190 smartphone owners was recently selected, and it was found that 17 had experienced attacks on their devices. Using σ = 0.05, answer the following:

a. Based on this sample, can we conclude that the percentage of smartphone owners who have had their devices hacked has changed since 2012?

b. Determine the p value for this test and interpret its meaning.

c. Verify your results using PHStat.