Steve is considering the following transactions. Explain to him which actions will constitute gifts for gift tax purposes.
a. Transferring all his ownership rights in a life insurance policy to another person
b. Depositing funds into a joint bank account in the names of himself and another party (who deposits nothing)
c. Paying half the consideration for land and having it titled in the names of Steve and his son as joint tenants with right of survivorship if the son furnishes the other half of the consideration
d. Paying a hospital for the medical expenses of a neighbor
e. Making a $1 million demand loan to an adult child and charging no interest