With respect to data warehouses, databases, and files, which of the following statement(s)

is (are) true?

a. Analyzing large amounts of data for strategic decision making is often referred to as strategic processing.

b. Databases were developed to address the proliferation of master files, which were created each time a need for information arose.

c. A DBMS manages and controls the interface between stored data and the application programs that use the data.

d. Since data warehouses are only used for transaction processing, they are updated in real time rather than periodically.

e. Few mainframes and servers use database technology, and database use in personal computers is growing slowly.