With respect to data warehouses, databases, and files, which of the following statement(s)

is (are) true?

a. A problem with databases is data inconsistencies, as the same data is stored in two or more master files.

b. A database system consists of the database, the DBMS, and the application programs that access the database through the DBMS.

c. Data mining is using queries to investigate hypothesized relationships among data.

d. A data warehouse is one or more very large databases containing both detailed and summarized data for a number of years.

e. Data sharing refers to data and the programs that use them being independent of each other; each can be changed without changing the other.