The annual reports of the Coca-Cola Co. and PepsiCo Inc. indicate the following for the year ended December 31, 2017 (amounts in millions):

Required:

a. Calculate ROI and ROE for each company for 2017. (Hint: You will need to calculate some of the numbers used in the denominator of these ratios.)

b. Based on the results of your ROI and ROE analysis in part a, do you believe that either firm uses financial leverage more effectively than the other? Explain your answer. (Hint: Compare the percentage differences between ROI and ROE for each firm. Is there a significant difference that would suggest that one firm uses leverage more effectively than the other?)

c. Calculate the debt ratio and debt/equity ratio for each firm at the end of 2017.

d. Compare the results of your analysis in part c to your expectations concerning the relative use of financial leverage in part b. Do the debt and debt/equity ratios calculated in part c make sense relative to your expectations? Explain your answer.

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Coca-Cola Co. Pepsico Inc. $63,525 4,908 73,490 Net revenues $35,410 1,283 87,270 64,050 Net income Total assets, January 1, 2017 Total liabilities, January 1, 2017 Total liabilities, December 31, 2017 Total stockholders' equity, December 31, 2017 62,291 68,823 10,981 68,919 18,977