In a father-son-grandson business combination, which of the following is true?

  a. The father company always must have its total accrual-based income computed first.
  b. The computation of a company’s accrual-based net income has no effect on the accrual-based net income of other companies within a business combination.
  c. A father-son-grandson configuration does not require consolidation unless one company owns shares in all of the other companies.
  d. All companies solely in subsidiary positions must have their accrual-based net income computed first within the consolidation process.