You are a member of the audit team for the audit of Learnersinnit plc, a private provider of high quality educational services. The team have just completed the interim audit for the current year. You performed the work on the salaries system where you have noted the following issues:
The company currently has over three hundred teaching and office staff, organised into several different departments. The staff are paid on a fixed scale with annual increments agreed by the board. The Salaries Department prepares one month's payroll from the names on the previous payroll, adding or deleting names as instructed by the personnel department. Details of increased pay rates resulting from promotion are also supplied by the Personnel Department. Sometimes, however, the Personnel Department is so busy that they forget to telephone the Salaries Department with details of staff changes or promotions. To correct these oversights, there is sometimes an extra payroll run to prepare additional payments where necessary.

The payroll is prepared by either of the two Salaries Department staff, depending on whoever is available. The payroll calculations are usually checked for accuracy by the other employee in the department, unless one of them is absent through illness or is on holiday. The Personnel Department manager corrects any payroll errors identified on her own computer, which is part of the same computer network, and then signs the payroll electronically to indicate overall approval. She does not have time to authorise any additional runs which are necessary, however, as these are usually required urgently.
Payments are made to staff by credit transfer directly to their bank accounts. Payments to statutory authorities, pension funds etc of the amounts deducted from employees plus the employers contributions are also paid by credit transfer within the required timescales. 

Describe TWO different ways in which fraud could be carried out in the above salaries system.