Which of the following is not required under Auditing Standard 18

(related Party transaction)?

(a) Management is expected to be the initial source of the auditor’s information identifying related parties and transactions

(b) Management is expected to be the initial source of the auditor’s information as to the business purpose for engaging in transactions with related

(c) Specific audit procedures are required if the auditor identifies a previously undisclosed related party relationship or transaction

(d) The results of the auditor’s evaluation must be communicated to the audit committee, including transactions with the related parties that were not authorized in accordance with

(e) Management alone must determine the impact of the related transactions