2.3.11 The objectives of a study by Skjelbo et al. (A-5) were to examine

(a) the relationship between chloroguanide metabolism and efficacy in malaria prophylaxis and

(b) the mephenytoin metabolism and its relationship to chloroguanide metabolism among Tanza- nians. From information provided by urine specimens from the 216 subjects, the investi gators computed the ratio of unchanged S-mephenytoin to Amephenytoin (S/R ratio). The results were as follows:

0.1460 0.2990 0.3000 0.1500 0.1490 0.1490 0.1480 0.1650 0.1570 0.1600 0.1650 0.1550 0.1710 0.1690 0.1720 0.1780 0.1740 0.1780 0.1890 0.1880 0.1890 0.1810 0.2100 0.2140 0.2070 0.2100 0.2150 0.2990 0.2400 0.2420 0.2430 0.2450 0.2540 0.2570 0.2600 0.2620 0.2470 0.2800 0.2710 0.2800 0.2870 0.2880 0.8100 0.3110 0.3070 0.3400 0.3440 0.3480 0.3490 0.3520 0.1500 0.1500 0.1540 0.1670 0.1670 0.1677 0.1790 0.1790 0.1920 0.1950 0.1970 0.2010 0.2160 0.2260 0.2290 0.2460 0.2450 0.2650 0.2650 0.2680 0.2460 0.3140 0.3190 0.2940 0.2970 0.2980 0.3210 0.3530 0.3570 0.3630 0.3630 0.3660 0.3830 0.3900 0.3960 0.3990 0.4080 0.4080 0.4090 0.4090 0.4100 0.4160 0.4210 0.4260 0.4290 0.4290 0.5930 0.6870 0.7860 0.9530 0.4300 0.4360 0.4370 0.4390 0.4410 0.4680 0.4810 0.4870 0.4910 0.5940 0.5340 0.5460 0.5480 0.5480 0.6240 0.6010 0.6280 0.6380 0.6910 0.6900 0.6940 0.7040 0.7120 0.8040 0.8200 0.8770 0.7950 0.8350 0.9090 0.9520 0.9890 0.9830 1.0120 1.0260 1.0620 1.0320 0.4410 0.4450 0.4540 0.4980 0.5030 0.5060 0.5220 0.5490 0.5550 0.5920 0.6600 0.6720 0.6820 0.7200 0.7280 1.1600

Transcribed Image Text:

0.1460 0.2990 0.3000 0.1500 0.1490 0.1490 0.1480 0.1650 0.1570 0.1600 0.1650 0.1550 0.1710 0.1690 0.1720 0.1780 0.1740 0.1780 0.1890 0.1880 0.1890 0.1810 0.2100 0.2140 0.2070 0.2100 0.2150 0.2990 0.2400 0.2420 0.2430 0.2450 0.2540 0.2570 0.2600 0.2620 0.2470 0.2800 0.2710 0.2800 0.2870 0.2880 0.8100 0.3110 0.3070 0.3400 0.3440 0.3480 0.3490 0.3520 0.1500 0.1500 0.1540 0.1670 0.1670 0.1677 0.1790 0.1790 0.1920 0.1950 0.1970 0.2010 0.2160 0.2260 0.2290 0.2460 0.2450 0.2650 0.2650 0.2680 0.2460 0.3140 0.3190 0.2940 0.2970 0.2980 0.3210 0.3530 0.3570 0.3630 0.3630 0.3660 0.3830 0.3900 0.3960 0.3990 0.4080 0.4080 0.4090 0.4090 0.4100 0.4160 0.4210 0.4260 0.4290 0.4290 0.5930 0.6870 0.7860 0.9530 0.4300 0.4360 0.4370 0.4390 0.4410 0.4680 0.4810 0.4870 0.4910 0.5940 0.5340 0.5460 0.5480 0.5480 0.6240 0.6010 0.6280 0.6380 0.6910 0.6900 0.6940 0.7040 0.7120 0.8040 0.8200 0.8770 0.7950 0.8350 0.9090 0.9520 0.9890 0.9830 1.0120 1.0260 1.0620 1.0320 0.4410 0.4450 0.4540 0.4980 0.5030 0.5060 0.5220 0.5490 0.5550 0.5920 0.6600 0.6720 0.6820 0.7200 0.7280 1.1600 2.3.12 SOURCE: Erik Skjelbo, M.D. Used with permission. (a) From these data construct the following distributions: frequency, relative frequency, cumulative frequency, and cumulative relative frequency; and the following graphs: his- togram, frequency polygon, and stem-and-leaf plot. (b) Describe these data with respect to symmetry and skewness as discussed in Exercise 2.3.1, part h. (c) The investigators defined as poor metabolizers of mephenytoin any subject with an S/R mephenytoin ratio greater than .9. How many and what percentage of the subjects were poor metabolizers? (d) How many and what percentage of the subjects had ratios less than .7? Between .3 and .6999 inclusive? Greater than .4999? Schmidt et al. (A-6) conducted a study to investigate whether autotransfusion of shed medi- astinal blood could reduce the number of patients needing homologous blood transfusion and reduce the amount of transfused homologous blood if fixed transfusion criteria were used. The following table shows the heights in centimeters of the 100 subjects of whom 97 were males.