Are Radiation Effects the Same for Men and Women? Among 2739 female atom bomb survivors, 1397 developed thyroid diseases. Among 1352 male atom bomb survivors, 436 developed thyroid diseases (based on data from “Radiation Dose-Response Relationships for Thyroid Nodules and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors 55–58 Years After Radiation Exposure,” by Imaizumi et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 295, No. 9).

a. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that female survivors and male survivors have different rates of thyroid diseases.

b. Construct the confidence interval corresponding to the hypothesis test conducted with a 0.01 significance level. What conclusion does the confidence interval suggest?