Determine the sample size required to achieve the prespecified value of ???? in each of the following scenarios.

(a) ????0 ∶ ???? ≤ 0.25, ???? = 0.01, ???? = 0.10, and ????crit = 0.30.

(b) ????0 ∶ ???? ≤ 0.65, ???? = 0.05, ???? = 0.15, and ????crit = 0.72.

(c) ????0 ∶ ???? ≥ 0.15, ???? = 0.05, ???? = 0.05, and ????crit = 0.10.

(d) ????0 ∶ ???? = 0.40, ???? = 0.01, ???? = 0.10, and ????crit = 0.30.

(e) ????0 ∶ ???? ≥ 0.80, ???? = 0.05, ???? = 0.15, and ????crit = 0.76.