The autosomal recessive genetic disorder sickle cell anemia is caused by a defect in the hemoglobin beta (HBB) gene. Two defective genes, denoted by SS, are needed for sickle cell anemia to occur in an individual. If each parent carries one sickle HBB gene (S) and one normal HBB gene (A), and a child receives exactly one gene independently from each parent, determine

(a) the probability that a child will have sickle cell anemia.

(b) the probability that a child will not have sickle cell anemia.

(c) the probability that a child will not have any sickle HBB genes.