Using Tables A.8 and A.9, determine the approximate value of the ????-value in

(a) a two-tailed test with 22 degrees of freedom when ????obs = 2.88.

(b) a two-tailed test with 20 degrees of freedom when ????obs = −1.82.

(c) a lower-tailed test with 60 degrees of freedom when ????obs = −2.33.

(d) an upper-tailed test with 120 degrees of freedom when ????obs = 2.47.

(e) a lower-tailed test with 60 degrees freedom when ????obs = −2.11.

(f) an upper-tail test with 30 degrees of freedom when ????obs = 2.56.