A financial institution has hired three external portfolio managers: X, Y, and Z. All three managers have the same benchmark. A performance attribution analysis of the portfolios managed by the three managers for the past year was (in basis points):

Risk Factor Portfolio X

Portfolio Y

Portfolio Z

Yield curve risk

"1 92 "3 Swap spread risk 20 4 20 Volatility risk 40 3 25 Governmentrelated spread risk 35 "5 10 Corporate spread risk

"2 6 30 Securitized spread risk

"2 "4 5 The financial institution’s investment committee is using the previous information to assess the performance of the three external managers.

Below is a statement from three members of the performance evaluation committee. Respond to each statement.

a. Committee member 1: “Based on overall performance, it is clear that manager Y was the best performing manager given the 96 basis points outperformance.”

b. Committee member 2: “All three of the managers were hired because they claimed that they had the ability to capitalize on corporate credit opportunities. Although they have all outperformed the benchmark, I am concerned about the claims that they made when we engaged them.”

c. Committee member 3: “It seems that managers X and Z were able to outperform the benchmark without taking on any interest rate risk at all.”