2.2 According to the FBI website, of all blacks slain in 2008, 92% were slain by blacks, and of all whites slain in 2005, 85% were slain by whites. Let Y denote race of victim and X denote race of offender.

a. Which conditional distribution do these statistics refer to, Y given X, or X given Y?

b. Given that a murderer was white, what additional information would you need to estimate the probability that the victim was white? [Hint: How could you use Bayes' theorem?]

c. Consider the previous exercise. Which association is stronger-between sex of victim and sex of offender, or between race of victim and race of offender? Justify your answer.