The file congress contains the voting record sample from the U.S. House of Representatives. These data include the voting record for 445 representatives on 1647 issues with votes recorded as 21 for nay, 11 for yay, and 0 for abstain(or absent).1 Perform principal components analysis on the 1647 voting issues to summarize the information it may contain.

a. What percentage of the variation is explained by the first principal component?

b. What percentage of the variation is explained by the second principal component?

c. Generate a scatter plot with the first principal component on the horizontal axis and the second principal component on the vertical axis.

d. Analyze and interpret the first principal component to identify how it distinguishes congress members. Based on the first principal component, what explains a large amount of the variation in how congress members vote?

e. Analyze and interpret the second principal component to identify how it distinguishes congress members.