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business
business ethics
Questions and Answers of
Business Ethics
Explain how various reporting mechanisms such as ethics hotlines and ombudspersons can help integrate ethics within a firm.
Discuss the role of assessing, monitoring, and auditing the culture and ethics program.
Explain how culture can be enforced via governmental regulation.
What are the main elements of business ethics management? To what extent are they likely to be used in large versus small companies?
What are codes of ethics and how useful are they for the management of business ethics?
Set out the main types of relationship that corporations can have with their stakeholders. Are any of these types preferable? Explain your answer with reference to examples from current business
What Is social accounting and why do companies engage in it?
Assess the relative benefits and drawbacks of environmental management in supporting a for mal approach to business ethics management. How does this differ from a more informal approach to business
Identify a well-known business leader and critically examine the case that they are an ethical leader.
What differences are evident between the two companies in terms of the range of issues dealt with in the reports and the depth of coverage on specific issues?
To what extent can these differences be explained by the country or industry differences?What other explanations might there be?
Assess the apparent quality of the social accounting approach utilized by each company according to Zadek et al’s (1997) criteria.
How appropriate would it be for the two companies to use the same standardized approach?
Why is the ownership of corporations different from that of other forms of ‘property’? What implications does this have for the nature of shareholder rights?
Define corporate governance. What are the main ethical problems that arise in the area of corporate governance?
‘Executive pay is not an ethical issue—it is just a question of paying people a market rate. Critically evaluate this statement using examples from contemporary business practice.
In this chapter we have mentioned a number of times the financial crisis of the late 2000s. In your view, what are the main reasons from an ethical perspective for the occurrence of this crisis?Also,
Define insider trading. What are the main ethical arguments against insider trading?
How is the technological environment shaping corporate governance? Find at least three examples from the chapter and consider what the future of corporate governance could look like in an
Set out as clearly as you can the system of corporate governance that operates in your home country.
To what extent is the system you have set out in accordance with the Anglo-American or the continental European governance model? How would you explain any differences?
What priority does this system appear to accord different stakeholders?
Do you think that the governance system in your country provides a fair basis for corporate activity?
What rights do employees have in a business context? To what extent are employee rights protected by:(a) The employment contract?(b) Legislation?
Do firms have an ethical obligation to increase diversity in the workplace? Provide arguments for and against, providing examples where relevant.
What is reverse discrimination? What are the main ethical arguments for and against reverse discrimination ?
What are the four main types of privacy that employees might expect? Provide examples where each type of privacy might potentially be violated in a business context.
What conditions influence low payment of wages? Are some of the causes of low wages more ethically justifiable than others?
What responsibility should employers have for ensuring that their employees maintain an appropriate work-life balance? Set out some practical steps that employers could take to improve work-life
What ethical issues or problems has the firm faced with respect to employees? Are there specific employee rights that appear to be most at risk of violation?
Explain why you think these issues have arisen. Be as specific as you can as to the likely causes.
How has the firm gone about dealing with these problems? Detail the specific practices as well as What you think its overall strategy to labour rights might be.
|n which ways is the protection or violation of employee rights likely to impact upon the financial success of the firm?
How would you advise the company to go forward with its labour rights strategy?
Critically evaluate the proposition that business ethics is an oxymoron.
‘Business ethics is of no practical importance to managers. Debates about right and wrong should be left in the classroom: Critically evaluate this statement using examples where appropriate.
What is the relationship between business ethics and the law?
‘Business ethics do not really matter to small firm owners. They will get away with whatever they can in order to succeed: Critically examine why such a view of small firms might be pervasive and
What is globalization and why is it important for understanding business ethics? Select one multinational corporation based in your home country and set out the different ways in which globalization
What is sustainability? To what extent do you think it is possible for corporations in the following industries to be sustainable? Explain your answers.(a) Tobacco industry.(b) Oil industry.(c) Car
List the incidents that you have unearthed, and identify the main issues and criticisms in each case.
To what extent is it possible to classify these as ethical as opposed to legal violations?
Which companies have been implicated in each case? Are these large or small businesses, local or international in scope? Explain your findings.
In which country has each incident taken place? Can you identify any national or regional influences on the types of cases that have come to light?
What are the main implications of the /egal status of corporations for notions of corporate social responsibility?
‘Only human beings have a moral responsibility for their actions’. Critically assess this proposition in the context of attempts to ascribe a moral responsibility to corporations.
What is enlightened self-interest? Compare and evaluate arguments for CSR based on enlightened self-interest with more explicitly moral arguments.
According to Archie Carroll, what are the four levels of CSR? How relevant is this model in a European, Asian, or African-context?
Explain the difference between normative, descriptive, and instrumental versions of stakeholder theory. To what extent do stakeholders have intrinsic moral rights in relation to the management of the
Define the extended view of corporate citizenship. Give examples to illustrate the concept.
Select one of the following companies:(a) BMW (www.bmwgroup.com)(b) Distell (httos:/Awww.distell.co.za)(c) Panasonic (www.panasonic.com)Investigate the company’s website and set out the main
What are ethical theories and why, if at all, do we need them?
\s ethical theory of any practical use to managers? Assess the benefits and drawbacks of ethical theory for managers in a global economy.
Define ethical absolutism, ethical relativism, and ethical pluralism. To what extent is each per spective useful for studying and practising business ethics?
What are the two main families of Western modernist ethical theories? Explain the difference between these two approaches to ethical theory.
Which ethical theory do you think is most commonly used in business? Provide evidence to support your assertion and give reasons explaining why this theoretical approach is more likely than others to
You are the manager of FoodFile, a busy city-centre restaurant catering mainly to local office workers at lunchtimes and an eclectic, fashionable crowd of professionals in the evenings. You are proud
Select a business ethics problem or dilemma that you have faced or which has arisen in an organization of which you have been part, either as an employee, a student, or a manager.Briefly describe the
What is the difference between descriptive and normative ethical theories?
Set out the four stages in Rest's (1986) ethical decision-making process. What practical use is the model for managers seeking to understand ethical and unethical behaviour in their organizations?
Is the prevalence of unethical behaviour in business due to a few ‘bad apples’ or is it more a case of good apples in bad barrels? How would your answer differ for government or civil society
Describe Kohlberg’s theory of cognitive moral development and critically evaluate its contribution to our understanding of ethical decision-making in organizations. What are the main implications
What are the two main types of issue-related factors in ethical decision-making? What is the significance of these factors for managers seeking to prevent ethical violations in their organizations?
What are the main impacts of bureaucracy on ethical decision-making? How would you suggest that a highly bureaucratic organization could enhance its employees’ ethical decision-making?
Look at a recent business scandal that has made the headlines. Identify the main people involved in the scandal and investigate their individual characteristics. Then identify the key situational
Think about a situation in which you have witnessed someone engaging in unethical behavior but in which you failed to do anything about it. (If you can’t think of an example from your own
Consider your own personal values and explain where they originated. Can you pinpoint their origins? To what degree have you chosen your own values? To what degree are your own values products of
What one small change do you think would have the biggest impact on the world today? Share it in a brief essay, then convince your reader why it is so important that she or he should also care about
Your CEO recognizes you as having unusually strong skills in decision making and communications, and so she asks for guidance on how to best communicate her plans for an imminent reduction in your
Describe the qualities you believe are necessary in an “ethical leader.” Provide support for your point of view and explain why a leader should display these qualities in order to be considered
How can a global firm best ensure that it is taking into account the perceptual differences that may exist as a result of diverse cultures, religions, ethnicities, and other factors when creating a
As a class exercise, write a brief account of any unethical or ethically questionable experience you have witnessed in a work context. Read and discuss the examples in class, keeping the authors
Linda is trying to raise funds to support the creation of a free clinic in a poor neighborhood in her hometown. She has been trying very hard, but she has not been able to raise enough money to get
What values do you think motivated the engineers at Volkswagen who devised the method for falsifying emissions tests? How do you think their motivation may have evolved over the years that the scheme
Describe a process for ethically responsible decision making.
Apply this model to ethical decision points.
Explain the reasons why “good” people might engage in unethical behavior.
Explore the impact of managerial roles on the nature of our decision making.
A helpful first step in ethical analysis is to look for harms and benefits. What harms were done by this fraud? Can you explain exactly what the ethical wrong was? Other than consumers, who else was
Where would you place primary responsibility for this scandal: individual employees who forged customers’ accounts, managers who oversaw those employees, senior executives, board members, or the
Sometimes when we assign responsibility, we are looking for someone to blame, someone who is at fault. Who do you blame in this case?In December 2013, the Los Angeles Times published the results of
Sometimes the question of responsibility is asked so that we can identify the cause and, in turn, prevent it from happening again. What recommendations would you make to prevent this from happening
How do you understand the difference between a fiduciary model and a transactional, consumerist model of the business–customer relationship? What reasons exist for the fiduciary model? Why would a
What facts would help you make your decision? Imagine that you are examining this chapter’s Opening Decision Point in one of your classes on marketing or organizational behavior.What conclusions
What aspects of this case raise values that are particular to managers? Imagine that you are examining this chapter’s Opening Decision Point in one of your classes on marketing or organizational
What stakeholders should be involved in your advice? Imagine that you are examining this chapter’s Opening Decision Point in one of your classes on marketing or organizational behavior.What
What values do you rely on in offering your advice? Imagine that you are examining this chapter’s Opening Decision Point in one of your classes on marketing or organizational behavior.What
What do you think motivated the company’s decision to offer the community $5,000 to hire its own expert? Why do you think the community was insulted? If you were the company’s local manager, what
What facts would be helpful to you, as an outsider, in evaluating the company’s behavior after the spill? In August 2011, it was reported that an oil pipeline, owned by the energy company Enbridge,
What values are involved in this situation? How would Enbridge answer that question internally? How would the people of Wrigley answer that question, if asked? In August 2011, it was reported that an
Explain three levels at which ethical decisions get made in business.
Explain the nature of business ethics as an academic discipline.
Explain why ethics is important in the business environment.
Explain why ethical responsibilities go beyond legal compliance.
Distinguish the ethics of personal integrity from the ethics of social responsibility.
Distinguish ethical norms and values from other business-related norms and values.
Describe ethical decision making as a form of practical reasoning.
Develop the knowledge base and skills needed to identify ethical issues.To summarize, as a field, business ethics investigates ethical questions that arise at the individual, organizational, and
Understand how and why people behave unethically.To summarize, as a field, business ethics investigates ethical questions that arise at the individual, organizational, and social/political level. As
Decide how we should act, what we should do, and the type of person we should be as individuals.To summarize, as a field, business ethics investigates ethical questions that arise at the individual,
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