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business
business statistics communicating
Questions and Answers of
Business Statistics Communicating
An analyst is interested in testing whether four populations have equal means. The following sample data have been collected from populations that are assumed to be normally distributed with equal
A start-up cell phone applications company is interested in determining whether household incomes are different for subscribers to three different service providers. A random sample of 25 subscribers
Phone Solutions provides assistance to users of a personal finance software package. Users of the software call with their questions, and trained consultants provide answers and information. One
The Federal Reserve reported in its comprehensive Survey of Consumer Finances, released every three years, that the average income of families in the United States increased from 2004 to 2007 after
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA)examined the possibility of a Registered Traveler program. This program is intended to be a way to shorten security lines for “trusted travelers.”
Freedom Hospital is in the midst of contract negotiations with its resident physicians. There has been a lot of discussion about the hospital’s ability to pay and the way patients are charged. The
The X-John Company makes batteries specifically designed for cellular telephones. Recently, the research and development (R&D) department developed a new battery it believes will be less expensive to
The operations manager for Cozine Corporation is concerned with variation in the number of pounds of garbage collected per truck. If this variation is too high, the manager will change the truck
The California State Highway Patrol recently conducted a study on a stretch of interstate highway south of San Francisco to determine what differences, if any, existed in driving speeds of cars
A Tillinghast-Towers-Perrin (TTP) study estimated the cost of the U.S. tort system to be $260 billion. This is approximately $886 per U.S. citizen. A response by the Economic Policy Institute (EPI)
The College Board’s 2008 Trends in Student Aid addresses, among other topics, the difference in the average college debt accumulated by undergraduate bachelor of arts degree recipients by type of
Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated (CCBCC), headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, uses quality control techniques to assure that the average amount of Coke in the cans is 12 ounces. It
Belden Inc. (NYSE: BWC) and Cable Design Technologies Corp. (NYSE: CDT) merged on Thursday, July 15, 2004. The new company, Belden CDT Inc., is one of the largest U.S.–based manufacturers of
A medical research group is investigating what differences might exist between two pain-killing drugs, Azerleive and Zynumbic. The researchers have already established there is no difference between
Maher Saddles, Inc., produces bicycle seats. Among the many seats produced is one for the high-end mountain bicycle market. Maher’s operation manager has recently made a change in the production
In the production of its Nutty Toffee, Cordum Candies must carefully control the temperature of its cooking process. However, in response to customer surveys, the company has recently increased the
Consider testing the hypothesis using samples of respective sizes 6 and 11. Note that we could represent this hypothesis as .The samples yield s2 1 42.2 and s2 2 1.1. It hardly seems worth the
Identify three situations where organizations would be interested in limiting the standard deviation of a process.
In a journal related to your major, locate an article where a hypothesis about one or two population variances is tested. Discuss why population variation was an important issue in the article, how
Identify three situations where the measured output of a process has a small variation and three situations where the variation is larger (for instance, the time for a phone call to ring the other
A USA Today editorial (Alejandro Gonzalez, “CEO Dough”) addressed the growth of compensation for corporate CEOs. Part of the story quoted a study done for BusinessWeek, which indicated that the
The Boston Globe (“College Graduation Rates below National Average”) examined the graduation rates at community colleges in Massachusetts. Overall, 16.4% of full-time community college students
The First Night Stage Company operates a small, nonprofit theater group in Milwaukee. Each year the company solicits donations to help fund its operations.This year, it obtained the help of a
The Celltone company is in the business of providing cellular phone coverage. Recently, it conducted a study of its customers who have purchased either the “Basic Plan” or the “Business Plan”
A Midwest college admissions committee recently conducted a study to determine the relative debt incurred by students receiving their degrees in four years versus those taking more than four years.
Even before the “Ownership Society” programs of Presidents Clinton and Bush, the federal government was heavily involved in the housing market, primarily in the form of tax deductions for
The production control manager at Ashmore Manufacturing is interested in determining whether there is a difference in standard deviation of product diameter for part #XC-343 for units made at the
As purchasing agent for the Horner-Williams Company, you have primary responsibility for securing high-quality raw materials at the best possible price.One particular material that the
The manager of the Public Broadcasting System for Tennessee is considering changing from the traditional week-long contribution campaign to an intensive oneday campaign. In an effort to better
You are given two random samples with the following information:Based on these samples, test at a 0.10 whether the true difference in population variances is equal to zero. Item Sample 1 Sample 2 1
Consider the following two independently chosen samples:Use a significance level of 0.05 for testing the hypothesis that s2 1 s2 2. Sample 1 Sample 2 12.1 10.5 13.4 9.5 11.7 8.2 10.7 7.8 14.0 11.1
Given the following null and alternative hypothesesand the following sample informationa. If a 0.02, state the decision rule for the hypothesis.b. Test the hypothesis and indicate whether the null
Find the appropriate critical F-value, from the F-distribution table, for each of the following:a. D1 16, D2 14, a 0.01b. D1 5, D2 12, a 0.05c. D1 16, D2 20, a 0.01
Given the following null and alternative hypothesesand the following sample informationa. If a 0.01, state the decision rule for the hypothesis. (Be careful to pay attention to the alternative
Given the following null and alternative hypothesesand the following sample informationa. If a 0.05, state the decision rule for the hypothesis.b. Test the hypothesis and indicate whether the null
The Fillmore Institute has established a service designed to help charities increase the amount of money they collect from their direct-mail solicitations.Its consulting is aimed at increasing the
Canidae Corporation, based in San Luis Obispo, California, is a producer of pet food. One of its products is Felidae cat food. The Chicken and Rice Cat and Kitten Formula is a dry cat food that comes
Due to the sharp rise in oil prices, the cost of heating a home rose sharply in the winter of 2008. The average cost was $1,044, which was an increase of 33% above that in 2007. In addition to
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ most current figures indicate the average wage for construction workers was about $19.50 an hour. Its survey suggests that construction wages can vary widely.
A corporation makes CV joints for automobiles. An integral part of CV joints is the bearings that allow the joints to rotate differentially. One application utilizes six bearings in a CV joint that
A software design firm has recently developed a prototype educational computer game for children.One of the important factors in the success of a game like this is the time it takes the child to play
Airlines face the challenging task of keeping their planes on schedule. One key measure is the number of minutes a plane deviates from the targeted arrival time.Ideally, the measure for each arrival
The Flicks is a small, independent theater that shows foreign and limited-release films. One attraction of the Flicks is that it sells beer and wine as well as premium coffee and pastries at its
The consulting firm of Winston & Associates has been retained by an electronic component assembly company in Phoenix to design and program a computer simulation model of its operations. Winston
In an effort to increase public acceptance of a light rail system, the manager for City Transit Services in Seattle is interested in estimating the standard deviation for the time it takes a bus to
Examine the sample obtained from a normally distributed population:5.2 10.4 5.1 2.1 4.8 15.5 10.2 8.7 2.8 4.9 4.7 13.4 15.6 14.5a. Calculate the variance.b. Calculate the probability that a randomly
Historical data indicate that the standard deviation of a process is 6.3. A recent sample of sizea. 28 produced a variance of 66.2. Test to determine if the variance has increased using a
Suppose a random sample of 22 items produces a sample standard deviation of 16.a. Use the sample results to develop a 90% confidence interval estimate for the population variance.b. Use the sample
Given the following null and alternative hypotheses H0: s2 50 HA: s2 50a. Test when n 12, s 9, and a 0.10. Be certain to state the decision rule.b. Test when n 19, s 6, and a 0.05. Be
The following sample data have been collected for the purpose of testing whether a population standard deviation is equal to 40. Conduct the appropriate hypothesis test using a 0.05.318 255 323 325
A manager is interested in determining if the population standard deviation has dropped below 130.Based on a sample of n 20 items selected randomly from the population, conduct the appropriate
Given the following null and alternative hypotheses H0: s2 100 HA: s2 100a. Test when n 27, s 9, and a 0.10. Be certain to state the decision rule.b. Test when n 17, s 6, and a 0.05.
A random sample of 20 values was selected from a population, and the sample standard deviation was computed to be 360. Based on this sample result, compute a 95% confidence interval estimate for the
Vintner Mortgage Company in Chicago, Illinois, markets residential and commercial loans to customers in the region. Although the company had generally tried to avoid the “sub-prime” loan market,
One of the statistics that the College Board monitors is the rising tuition at private and public four-year colleges. The tuition and fees for private and public four-year colleges for the
As part of a study on student loan debt, a national agency that underwrites student loans is examining the differences in student loan debt for undergraduate students. One question the agency would
Reviewers from the Oregon Evidence-Based Practice Center at the Oregon Health and Science University investigated the effectiveness of prescription drugs in assisting people to fall asleep and stay
Surprisingly, injuries such as strains and sprains are higher among airport screeners than any other federal work group. A recent study found the injury rate for airport screeners was 29%, far
Turbo-Tax and Tax-Cut are two of the best-selling tax preparation software packages. Recently, a consumer group conducted a test to estimate the difference in themean time it would take an individual
Before the unprecedented decline in home sales that started in late 2008, the National Association of Realtors profile of home buyers and sellers indicated the percentage of home buyers who are
The Eaton Company sells breakable china through a mail-order system that has been very profitable.One of its major problems is freight damage. It insures the items at shipping, but the inconvenience
Allstate Insurance is one of the major automobile insurance companies in the country. Recently, the western region claims manager instructed an intern in her department to develop a confidence
Bach Photographs is a photography business with studios in two locations. The owner is interested in monitoring business activity closely at the two locations. Among the factors in which he is
A student group at a university located in the Midwest is conducting a study to determine whether there is a difference between textbook prices for new textbooks sold by the on-campus bookstore and
Examine the following information:Sample 1 Sample 2 ni 15 10 –x i 12 7 si 3 4a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for m1 m2.b. Calculate the test statistic that would be used to determine if m1
Explain, in nontechnical terms, why pairing observations, if possible, is often a more effective tool than taking independent samples.
Why, when dealing with two independent samples where you cannot assume the population variances are equal, should the degrees of freedom be adjusted?
USA Today notes (Mary Beth Marklein, “College Gender Gap Widens: 57% Are Women”) that there are more men than women ages 18–24 in the United States—15 million versus 14.2 million. The
A marketing research firm is interested in determining whether there is a difference between the proportion of households in Chicago and the proportion of households in Milwaukee who purchase
The Boston Consulting Group released a survey of 940 executives representing 68 countries. One of the questions on the survey examined if the executives ranked innovation as the top priority for the
As part of a nationwide study on home Internet use, researchers randomly sampled 150 urban households and 150 rural households. Among the questions asked of the sampled households was whether they
The American College Health Association produced the National College Health Assessment (Andy Gardiner, “Surfacing from Depression,” February 6, 2006). The assessment indicates that the
Suppose a random sample of 100 U.S. companies taken in 2005 showed that 21 offered high-deductible health insurance plans to their workers. A separate random sample of 120 firms taken in 2006 showed
Suppose as part of a national study of economic competitiveness a marketing research firm randomly sampled 200 adults between the ages of 27 and 35 living in metropolitan Seattle and 180 adults
In an article entitled “Childhood Pastimes Are Increasingly Moving Indoors,” Dennis Cauchon asserts that there have been huge declines in spontaneous outdoor activities such as bike riding,
Independent random samples of size 50 and 75 are selected. The sampling results in 35 and 35 successes, respectively. Test the following hypotheses:a. H0: p1 p2 0 vs. HA: p1 p2 0.Use a
Given the following null and alternative hypotheses H0: p1 p2 0.0 HA: p1 p2 0.0 and the following sample information Sample 1 Sample 2 n1 60 n2 80 x1 30 x2 24a. Based on a 0.02 and
Given the following null and alternative hypotheses and level of significance H0: p1 p2 HA: p1 p2 a 0.10 together with the sample information Sample 1 Sample 2 n1 120 n2 150 x1 42 x2 57
Given the following sample information randomly selected from two populations Sample 1 Sample 2 n1 200 n2 150 x1 40 x2 27a. Determine if the sample sizes are large enough so that the sampling
In each of the following cases, determine if the sample sizes are large enough so that the sampling distribution of the differences in the sample proportions can be approximated with a normal
As the number of air travelers with time on their hands increases, it would seem that spending on retail purchases in airports would increase as well.A study by Airport Revenue News addressed the per
A treadmill manufacturer has developed a new machine with softer tread and better fans than its current model. The manufacturer believes these new features will enable runners to run for longer times
A prime factor in the economic troubles that started in 2008 was the end of the “housing bubble.” The file entitled House contains data for a sample showing the average and median housing prices
An article in The American Statistician (M. L. R.Ernst, et al., “Scatterplots for Unordered Pairs,”50 (1996), pp. 260–265) Reports on the difference in the measurements by two evaluators of the
An article on the PureEnergySystems.com Web site written by Louis LaPoint discusses a product called Acetone. The article stated that “Acetone (CH3COCH3)is a product that can be purchased
The United Way raises money for community charity activities. Recently, in one community, the fundraising committee was concerned about whether there is a difference in the proportion of employees
Production engineers at Sinotron believe that a modified layout on its assembly lines might increase average worker productivity (measured in the number of units produced per hour). However, before
One of the advances that helped to diminish carpal tunnel syndrome is ergonomic keyboards. The ergonomic keyboards may also increase typing speed.Ten administrative assistants were chosen to type on
Consider the following set of samples obtained from two normally distributed populations whose variances are equal:Sample 1: 11.2 11.2 7.4 8.7 8.5 13.5 4.5 11.9 Sample 2: 11.7 9.5 15.6 16.5 11.3 17.6
The following samples are observations taken from the same elements at two different times:Unit Sample 1 Sample 2 1 15.1 4.8 2 12.3 5.7 3 14.9 6.2 4 17.5 9.4 5 18.1 2.3 6 18.4 4.7a. Assume that the
A paired sample study has been conducted to determine whether two populations have equal means.Twenty paired samples were obtained with the following sample results:d 12.45 sd 11.0 Based on these
The following sample data have been collected from a paired sample from two populations. The claim is that the first population mean will be at least as large as the mean of the second population.
You are given the following results of a paireddifference test:d = 4-6 s = 0.25 n = 16a. Construct and interpret a 99% confidence interval estimate for the paired difference in mean values.b.
The following paired samples have been obtained from normally distributed populations. Construct a 90%confidence interval estimate for the mean paired difference between the two population
The following dependent samples were randomly selected. Use the sample data to construct a 95%confidence interval estimate for the population mean paired difference.Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 Sample
Airlines were severely affected by the oil price increases of 2008. Even Southwest lost money, the first time ever, during that time. Many airlines began charging for services that had previously
The Marriott Corporation operates the largest chain of hotel and motel properties in the world. The Fairfield Inn and the Residence Inn are just two of the hotel brands that Marriott owns. At a
A USA Today editorial addressed the growth of compensation for corporate CEOs. Quoting a study made by BusinessWeek, USA Today indicated that the pay packages for CEOs have increased almost sevenfold
Suppose a professional job-placement firm that monitors salaries in professional fields is interested in determining if the fluctuating price of oil and the outsourcing of computer-related jobs have
Although not all students have debt after graduating from college, more than half do. The College Board’s 2008 Trends in Student Aid addresses, among other topics, the difference in the average
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