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business statistics

Questions and Answers of Business Statistics

Quantum tunneling. At temperatures approaching absolute zero 1 -273°C2, helium exhibits traits that seem to defy many laws of Newtonian physics. An experiment has been conducted with helium in solid
Mortality of predatory birds. Two species of predatory birds—collard flycatchers and tits—compete for nest holes during breeding season on the island of Gotland, Sweden. Frequently, dead
Extending the life of an aluminum smelter pot. An investigation of the properties of bricks used to line aluminum smelter pots was published in The American Ceramic Society Bulletin (Feb. 2005). Six
New method of estimating rainfall. Accurate measurements of rainfall are critical for many hydrological and meteorological projects. Two standard methods of monitoring rainfall use rain gauges and
English as a second language reading ability. What are the factors that allow a native Spanish-speaking person to understand and read English? A study published in the Bilingual Research Journal
Feeding habits of fish. Refer to the Brain and Behavior Evolution (Apr. 2000) study of the feeding behavior of black-bream fish, presented in Exercise 2.162 (p. 124).Recall that the zoologists
College protests of labor exploitation. Refer to the Journal of World-Systems Research (Winter 2004) study of student “sit-ins” for a “sweat-free campus” at universities, presented in
Baseball batting averages versus wins. Is the number of games won by a major league baseball team in a season related to the team’s batting average? Consider data from the Baseball Almanac on the
Predicting sale prices of homes. Real-estate investors, home buyers, and homeowners often use the appraised value of property as a basis for predicting the sale of that property. Data on sale prices
Wind turbine blade stress. Mechanical engineers at the University of Newcastle (Australia) investigated the use of timber in high-efficiency small wind turbine blades (Wind Engineering, Jan. 2004).
Arsenic in soil. In Denver, Colorado, environmentalists have discovered a link between high arsenic levels in soil and a crabgrass killer used in the 1950s and 1960s(Environmental Science &
Consider the following 10 data points.a. Plot the data on a scatterplot.b. Calculate the values of r and r2.c. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate that x and y are linearly correlated? Test at
Consider the following sample data:a. Construct a scatterplot for the data.b. It is possible to find many lines for which Σ1y - yn2 = 0. For this reason, the criterion Σ1y - yn2 = 0 is not used to
Legal advertising—does it pay? To gain a competitive edge, lawyers aggressively advertise their services. Does legal advertising really pay? To partially answer this question, consider the case of
An MBA’s work-life balance. Many business schools offer courses that assist MBA students with developing good work-life balance habits and most large companies have developed work-life balance
Thickness of dust on solar cells. The performance of a solar cell can deteriorate when atmospheric dust accumulates on the solar panel surface. In the International Journal of Energy and
Impact of dropping ping-pong balls. The impact of dropping hollow balls was investigated in the American Journal of Physics (Mar. 2014). Standard ping-pong balls were dropped vertically onto a force
Forecasting movie revenues with Twitter. Refer to the IEEE International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2010) study of how social media (e.g., Twitter.com) may
Removing nitrogen from toxic wastewater. Highly toxic wastewater is produced during the manufacturing of dryspun acrylic fiber. One way to lessen toxicity is to remove the nitrogen from the
Sweetness of orange juice. Refer to the simple linear regression of sweetness index y and amount of pectin, x, for n = 24 orange juice samples, presented in Exercise 11.32(p. 629). A 90% confidence
Ranking driving performance of professional golfers.Refer to The Sport Journal (Winter 2007) study of a new method for ranking the total driving performance of golfers on the Professional Golf
Mongolian desert ants. Refer to the Journal of Biogeography (Dec. 2003) study of ant sites in Mongolia, presented in Exercise 11.26(p. 627). You applied the method of least squares to estimate the
Consider the following pairs of measurements.For these data, SSxx = 38.900, SSyy = 33.600, SSxy = 32.8, and yn = -.414 + .843x.a. Construct a scatterplot of the data.b. Plot the least squares line on
Consider the following pairs of measurements.a. Construct a scatterplot of these data.b. Find the least squares line, and plot it on your scatterplot.c. Find s2.d. Find a 90% confidence interval for
Plants that grow on Swiss cliffs. Refer to the Alpine Botany(Nov. 2012) study of rare plants that grow on the limestone cliffs of the Northern Swiss Jura mountains, Exercise 2.165(p. 125). Data on
Child labor in diamond mines. The role of child laborers in Africa’s colonial-era diamond mines was the subject of research published in the Journal of Family History (Vol.35, 2010). One particular
View of rotated objects. Perception & Psychophysics(July 1998) reported on a study of how people view threedimensional objects projected onto a rotating two- dimensional image. Each in a sample
Salary linked to height. Are short people shortchanged when it comes to salary? According to business professors T. A.Judge (University of Florida) and D. M. Cable (University of North Carolina),
Evaluation of an imputation method for missing data.When analyzing large data sets with many variables, researchers often encounter the problem of missing data(e.g., non-response). Typically, an
Taste-testing scales. Refer to the Journal of Food Science(Feb. 2014) taste-testing study, Exercise 10.80(p. 579).Recall that the researchers evaluated the general Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS),
Construct a scatterplot for each data set. Then calculate r and r2 for each data set. Interpret their values. a. -2 -1 0 1 2 y -1 2 3 6 9 b. r -2 -1 0 1 2 y 9 6 4 3 1 c. r 23 3 3 4 4 4 5 y 3 2 4 2 3
Does elevation affect hitting performance in baseball?Refer to the Chance (Winter 2006) investigation of the effects of elevation on slugging percentage in Major League Baseball, Exercise 2.160 (p.
Characterizing bone with fractal geometry. In Medical Engineering & Physics (May 2013), researchers used fractal geometry to characterize human cortical bone.A measure of the variation in the
Pain empathy and brain activity. Empathy refers to being able to understand and vicariously feel what others actually feel. Neuroscientists at University College of London investigated the
Effect of massage on boxers. Refer to the British Journal of Sports Medicine (Apr. 2000) study of the effect of massage on boxing performance, presented in Exercise 10.82(p. 580). Two other variables
Forest fragmentation study. Refer to the Conservation Ecology (Dec. 2003) study on the causes of fragmentation of 54 South American forests, presented in Exercise 2.166(p. 125). Recall that
Lobster fishing study. Refer to the Bulletin of Marine Science (April 2010) study of teams of fishermen fishing for the red spiny lobster in Baja California Sur, Mexico, Exercise 9.20 (p. 478). Two
Consider the following pairs of observations:a. Construct a scatterplot of the data.b. Use the method of least squares to fit a straight line to the six data points.c. Graph the least squares line on
Consider the following pairs of observations:a. Construct a scatterplot of the data.b. Use the method of least squares to fit a straight line to the seven data points in the table.c. Plot the least
Life tests of cutting tools. To improve the quality of the output of any production process, it is necessary first to understand the capabilities of the process. (For example, see Gitlow, H., Quality
Sweetness of orange juice. Refer to the study of the quality of orange juice produced at a juice manufacturing plant, Exercise 11.32(p. 629). Recall that simple linear regression was used to predict
New method for blood typing. Refer to the Analytical Chemistry (May 2010) study in which medical researchers tested a new method of typing blood using low-cost paper, Exercise 11.25(p. 627). The data
Calculate SSE and s2 for each of the following cases: a. n = 25, SSyy = 110, SSxy 110, SSxy 60, B = .80 == b. n = 50, y = 900, y = 90, SSxy = 2500, B1 = .25 c. n=25, (yi - y) = 75, SSxy = 100, SSxx =
Forecasting movie revenues with Twitter. Marketers are keenly interested in how social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) may influence consumers who buy their products.Researchers at HP Labs (Palo
Spreading rate of spilled liquid. Refer to the Chemical Engineering Progress (Jan. 2005) study of the rate at which a spilled volatile liquid will spread across a surface, presented in Exercise 2.168
The “name game.” Refer to the Journal of Experimental Psychology—Applied (June 2000) study in which the“name game” was used to help groups of students learn the names of other students in
Ideal height of your mate. Anthropologists theorize that humans tend to choose mates who are similar to themselves.This includes choosing mates who are similar in height. To test this theory, a study
Sweetness of orange juice The quality of the orange juice produced by a manufacturer is constantly monitored.There are numerous sensory and chemical components that combine to make the best-tasting
Sound waves from a basketball. Refer to the American Journal of Physics (June 2010) study of sound waves in a spherical cavity, Exercise 2.43 (p. 80). The frequencies of sound waves (estimated using
FCAT scores and poverty. In the state of Florida, elementary school performance is based on the average score obtained by students on a standardized exam called the Florida Comprehensive Assessment
Ranking driving performance of professional golfers.Refer to The Sport Journal (Winter 2007) study of a new method for ranking the total driving performance of golfers on the Professional Golf
Repair and replacement costs of water pipes. Pipes used in a water distribution network are susceptible to breakage due to a variety of factors. When pipes break, engineers must decide whether to
Mongolian desert ants. Refer to the Journal of Biogeography(Dec. 2003) study of ants in Mongolia, presented in Exercise 2.167 (p. 125). Data on annual rainfall, maximum daily temperature, and number
Game performance of water polo players. The journal Biology of Sport (Vol. 31, 2014) published a study of the physiological performance of top-level water polo players.Eight Olympic male water polo
Measuring the moon’s orbit. A handheld digital camera was used to photograph the moon’s orbit and the results summarized in the American Journal of Physics (Apr.2014). The pictures were used to
Do nice guys really finish last? In baseball, there is an old saying that “nice guys finish last.” Is this true in the competitive corporate world? Researchers at Harvard University attempted to
Consider the following pairs of measurements.a. Construct a scatterplot of these data.b. What does the scatterplot suggest about the relationship between x and y?c. Given that SSxx = 43.4286, SSxy =
Refer to Exercise 11.18. After the least square line has been obtained, the following table can be used (1) to compare the observed and predicted values of y and (2) to compute SSE.a. Complete the
The accompanying table is used to make the preliminary computations for finding the least squares line for the given pairs of x and y values. a. Complete the table. c. Find SSxx e. Find x and y. g.
A report by the Gallup Poll found that a woman visits her doctor, on average, at most 5.8 times each year. A random sample of 20 women results in these yearly visit totals 3; 2; 1; 3; 7; 2; 9; 4; 6;
The Weather Underground reported that the mean amount of summer rainfall for the northeastern US is at least 11.52 inches. Ten cities in the northeast are randomly selected and the mean rainfall
The US Department of Energy reported that 51.7% of homes were heated by natural gas. A random sample of 221 homes in Kentucky found that 115 were heated by natural gas. Does the evidence support the
A recent survey in the N.Y. Times Almanac indicated that 48.8% of families own stock. A broker wanted to determine if this survey could be valid. He surveyed a random sample of 250 families and found
According to an article in Bloomberg Businessweek, New York City's most recent adult smoking rate is 14%. Suppose that a survey is conducted to determine this year’s rate. Nine out of 70 randomly
A poll done for Newsweek found that 13% of Americans have seen or sensed the presence of an angel. A contingent doubts that the percent is really that high. It conducts its own survey. Out of 76
Your statistics instructor claims that 60 percent of the students who take her Elementary Statistics class go through life feeling more enriched. For some reason that she can't quite figure out, most
The mean number of sick days an employee takes per year is believed to be about ten. Members of a personnel department do not believe this figure. They randomly survey eight employees. The number of
The cost of a daily newspaper varies from city to city. However, the variation among prices remains steady with a standard deviation of 20¢. A study was done to test the claim that the mean cost of
Previously, an organization reported that teenagers spent 4.5 hours per week, on average, on the phone. The organization thinks that, currently, the mean is higher. Fifteen randomly chosen teenagers
Assume the null hypothesis states that the mean is equal to 88. The alternative hypothesis states that the mean is not equal to 88. Is this a left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed test?
Assume the null hypothesis states that the mean is at least 18. Is this a left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed test?
You flip a coin and record whether it shows heads or tails. You know the probability of getting heads is 50%, but you think it is less for this particular coin. What type of test would you use?
Your friend claims that his mean golf score is 63. You want to show that it is higher than that. What type of test would you use?
Which distribution do you use when the standard deviation is not known and you are testing one population mean?Assume a normal distribution, with n ≥ 30.
A microbiologist is testing a water sample for E-coli. Suppose the null hypothesis, H0, is: the sample does not contain Ecoli.The probability that the sample does not contain E-coli, but the
Define the random variable x̄ in words.One hundred eight Americans were surveyed to determine the number of hours they spend watching television each month. It was revealed that they watched an
A town keeps weather records. From these records it has been determined that it rains on an average of 12% of the days each year. If 30 days are selected at random from one year, what is the
A researcher is looking at data from a large population with a standard deviation that is much too large. In order to concentrate the information, the researcher decides to repeatedly sample the data
A large population of 5,000 students take a practice test to prepare for a standardized test. The population mean is 140 questions correct, and the standard deviation is 80. What size samples should
A school has 300 students. Usually, there are an average of 21 students who are absent. If a sample of 30 students is taken on a certain day, what is the probability that at most 2 students in the
A town keeps weather records. From these records it has been determined that it rains on an average of 37% of the days each year. If 30 days are selected at random from one year, what is the
Cars pass an automatic speed check device that monitors 2,000 cars on a given day. This population of cars has an average speed of 67 miles per hour with a standard deviation of 2 miles per hour. If
According to a study done by De Anza students, the height for Asian adult males is normally distributed with an average of 66 inches and a standard deviation of 2.5 inches. Suppose one Asian adult
Find and interpret an autoregressive model for the euro prices.
For the euro values in For Example: “The value of the euro,” find the forecasts, the errors, and the measures of forecast error.
The Cullinan I diamond (the “Star of Africa”) owned by the Queen of England is, at 530.20 carats, the largest D-colour cut diamond in the world. It’s mounted at the head of the sceptre with the
In a national survey of 1000 adults, the correlation between the Age of respondents and their Expenditures on Electronics is 20.142. The scatterplot indicates a linear relationship. Does this
Here are some displays related to the previous example’s regression of the percentage of income spent on food against household income “National survey of food expenditure”. Use them and the
A chain store that sells bulk foods is planning a marketing campaign. Using data from a national survey of 905 people, it constructs variables that report for each respondent the weekly amount spent
How are the prices of commercial properties related to the number of storeys high they are? A scatterplot for the commercial properties in one city that are built with masonry construction looks like
Using the data in the example about the car rental company in For Example: “Calculating Kendall’s tau for employee and customer satisfaction,” calculate Spearman’s rho.
A database contains data on diamond prices and quality. Parametric methods deal with colour only as a category. But since diamond colours are ordered with D as the best and later letters labelling
A car rental company has six locations in a certain city and is concerned that employeejob dissatisfaction is having a bad effect on sales. It surveys employees and customersto come up with an
Men and women sampled at random negotiated different discounts when purchasing cars.Here are the discounts (in order) received by the men:130, 158, 303, 340, 353, 390, 415, 423, 536, 566, 588 ...
A database contains sample data on commercial properties in a large city. One variable available for those properties is a “quality” ranking into one of six categories, with 1 as the “best”
An employer experimented with a f lexible four-day work week. For a year, the employer recorded the mileage driven by 11 field workers on an ordinary five-day work week. Then it changed to a f
Although annual inflation has been low for several years, many people fear that inflation may return. A Gallup poll recently asked 1020 Canadian adults, “Are you very concerned, somewhat concerned,
In the call centre example “Goodness-of-fit test for telemarketing”, examine the residuals to see if any operators stand out as having especially strong or weak performance.
AtaAtara manages eight call centre operators at a telecommunications company. To develop new business, she gives each operator a list of randomly selected phone numbers of rival phone company
Suppose that you’d run the randomized block design (see For Example: “Designing an experiment for Ottawa–Toronto flights”). You would have had two levels of the (blocking) factor City and the

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